Ericaceae Juss.

Family

Angiosperms > Ericales

Characteristics

Herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, or trees, (rarely vines), perennial, deciduous or evergreen, usually autotrophic, sometimes mycotrophic (subfam. Monotropoideae), usually chlorophyllous and autotrophic, sometimes achlorophyllous and heterotrophic (subfam. Monotropoideae), aromatic compounds (e.g., methyl salicylate) sometimes present (Gaultheria). Stems (absent in some Monotropoideae) erect or decumbent to prostrate, glabrous or hairy, (aerial stems sometimes produced from suckers, rhizomes, or corms), pith solid (hollow, with diaphragms in Agarista). Leaves (reduced or absent in some Monotropoideae), usually cauline, sometimes in basal rosettes (subfam. Monotropoideae), usually alternate or pseudoverticillate, sometimes opposite or, rarely, whorled, simple; stipules absent; petiole present or absent; blade plane or acicular, often coriaceous, margins entire or toothed, plane or revolute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes, umbels, corymbs, panicles, fascicles, spikes, or solitary flowers. Flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual (subfam. Ericoideae), radially symmetric (sometimes slightly bilaterally symmetric in subfam. Monotropoideae and subfam. Ericoideae); perianth and androecium hypogynous (epigynous in some Vaccinioideae); hypanthium absent; sepals absent or (2-)4-5(-7), distinct or connate basally; petals (2-)4-5(-8), rarely absent or highly reduced, connate or distinct, not sticky (covered with sticky exudate in Bejaria), corolla absent or rotate to crateriform, campanulate, cylindric, globose, or urceolate (salverform in Epigaea); intrastaminal nectary disc present or absent; stamens (2-)5-8(-10) [14, 16, 20]; filaments distinct; anthers inverted during development, often with awns, dehiscent by pores or short slits (at apparent apex) or slits (lateral); pistils 1, 4-5-carpellate; ovary superior (inferior in some Vaccinioideae), incompletely (2-)5-10-locular (1-locular in some Monotropoideae), often furrowed or lobed externally; placentation axile or parietal; ovules anatropous, unitegmic, tenuinucellate; styles 1, straight or declinate (curved in Elliottia), hollow; stigmas 1, capitate or peltate to funnelform, usually 5-lobed. Fruits capsular and dehiscent (loculicidal, septifragal, or septicidal), or drupaceous (axis fibrous or soft in some Monotropoideae) or baccate (rarely each surrounded by accrescent or fleshy calyx in Gaultheria) and indehiscent. Seeds 1-10(-1000+), tan to yellowish brown or brown, ellipsoid, ovoid or spheroidal, or fusiform to flattened, or oblong (sometimes 3-sided); testa thin (bony in subfam. Arbutoideae and subfam. Vaccinioideae); embryo usually straight, fusiform, rarely minute and undifferentiated; endosperm abundant, cellular, fleshy.
More
Plants usually woody, or herbs, sometimes lacking chlorophyll. Leaves spiral, sometimes decussate, margin often toothed. Inflorescence racemose; bracteoles paired, basal. Flowers (4 or)5-merous. Calyx imbricate. Corolla connate, imbricate. Stamens 10, sometimes with spurs or awns, dehiscing by pores, pollen in tetrads, rarely single. Ovary superior or inferior, placentation axile, rarely parietal, often many ovules per locule. Style ± as long as corolla, slender. Fruit a capsule or berry, rarely a drupe; calyx persistent.
Stamens usually double the number of the corolla lobes or, if the same number, alternate with them, hypogynous; filaments and anthers usually free; anthers 2-celled, opening by pores or pore-like slits
Shrubs or undershrubs, less frequently trees; leaves alternate or whorled, rarely opposite, simple, usually evergreen; stipules absent
Ovary superior, several-celled, with numerous ovules on axile or rarely basal placentas, rarely 1-ovulate; style simple
Corolla hypogynous, gamopetalous, inserted below a fleshy disk; lobes contorted or imbricate
Seeds with fleshy endosperm and straight embryo, sometimes winged
Flowers hermaphrodite, actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic
Calyx persistent; sepals free or united
Fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
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Soil acidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Productivity -

Images

Ericaceae unspecified picture

Distribution

Ericaceae world distribution map, present in Australia and China

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60017527-3
WFO ID wfo-7000000218
COL ID 623P8
BDTFX ID 100932
INPN ID 187379
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ericaceae

Lower taxons

Comarostaphylis Corema Hypopitys Ornithostaphylos Orthaea Pyrola Sprengelia Styphelia Syndesmanthus Rhododendron Chamaedaphne Choristemon Cosmelia Leiophyllum Leucopogon Metagonia Orthilia Pterospora Semiramisia Xylococcus Zenobia Oxydendrum Gonocalyx Epigaea Arbutus Melichrus Monotropastrum Phyllodoce Lysinema Pityopus Pleuricospora Psammisia Acrostemon Acrotriche Andersonia Arctostaphylos Arctous Azalea Azaleastrum Calluna Cassiope Chimaphila Conostephium Daboecia Disterigma Elliottia Eremia Eremiella Gaultheria Harrimanella Hymenanthes Kalmiopsis Ledum Leucothoe Loiseleuria Menziesia Moneses Monotropa Monotropsis Pellegrinia Pentachondra Pernettya Phanerandra Rhodothamnus Rusbya Siphonandra Sphyrospermum Vaccinium Acrothamnus Agiortia Mycerinus Oreanthes Polyclita Allotropa Anthopteropsis Cavendishia Cheilotheca Coilostigma Costera Dracophyllum Gaylussacia Hemitomes Ledothamnus Coleanthera Croninia Therorhodion Philippia Andromeda Craibiodendron Decatoca Didonica Lateropora Kalmia Macleania Agapetes Agarista Epacris Dimorphanthera Newberrya Anomalanthus Anthopterus Arachnocalyx Bejaria Blaeria Brachyloma Bryanthus Budawangia Dielsiodoxa Diplarche Empetrum Enkianthus Erica Hugeria Lebetanthus Lissanthe Lyonia Oxycoccus Sarcodes Scyphogyne Simocheilus Sympieza Thibaudia Thoracosperma Pieris Coccosperma Eubotryoides Grisebachia Herpothamnus Richea Satyria Tepuia Trochocarpa Woollsia Diogenesia Ceratostema Leptecophylla Utleya Androstoma Notopora Demosthenesia Themistoclesia Needhamiella Plutarchia Archeria Astroloma Cyathopsis Diplycosia Ceratiola Cyathodes Eubotrys