Artemisia absinthium L.

Absinthium (en), Armoise absinthe (fr), Herbe aux vers (fr), Absinthe (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Artemisia

Characteristics

Herbs, perennial, 60-150 cm tall, somewhat woody at base, gray sericeous or puberulent. Stems 1-3. Basal leaves: petiole 6-12 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or ovate, 8-12 × 7-9 cm, 2-or 3-pinnatisect; segments 4 or 5 pairs, pinnately lobed; lobules lanceolate-elliptic or-linear, 8-15 × 2-4(-7) mm, apex obtuse. Middle stem leaves: petiole 2-6 cm; leaf blade ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2-pinnatisect; lobules linear-lanceolate, (8-)10-25 × 2-3(-5) mm. Uppermost leaves 4-6 × 2-4 cm, pinnatisect or 5-lobed; leaflike bracts 3-lobed or entire; lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Synflorescence usually a broad conical panicle; primary branches straight, ascending or ± oblique spreading, up to 30 cm and secondary branches up to 12 cm. Capitula shortly pedunculate, nodding. Involucre globose or subglobose, 2.5-3.5(-4) mm in diam.; receptacle hemispheric, densely pubescent. Marginal female florets 15-25; corolla yellow, obliquely 2-toothed. Disk florets 30-70(-90), bisexual; corolla yellow. Achenes oblong, 0.8-1 mm, with apical corona or not. Fl. and fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 18.
More
Strongly aromatic, herbaceous perennial, dying back ± to woody stem bases each year. Stems ascending to erect, densely sericeous, becoming glabrous below, ribbed, up to c. 1 m long, much-branched toward base. Lvs scattered along stems, densely sericeous on upper and lower surface. Lower cauline lvs petiolate, 1-pinnate with leaflets 2-(3)-pinnatisect, up to c. 30 × 20 cm in lower lvs; ultimate segments oblong-ovate, obtuse, 5-10-(18) × (1)-2-4-(6) mm, with only the central vein evident. Infl. paniculate; infl. lvs similar to cauline lvs but becoming apetiolate and 1-pinnatisect, finally reduced to < 1 cm long and not lobed. Outer involucral bracts herbaceous or with membranous apex, sericeous; inner bracts sparsely hairy, with broad membranous margins and apex. Capitula 2-4-(5) mm diam.; receptacle pilose; florets many, dull yellow, glabrous. Achenes 0.8-1.3 mm long, brown, obovoid, ± terete, smooth; pappus 0.
Perennial herb or near-shrub 4–10 dm, the stem finely sericeous or eventually glabrate; lvs silvery-sericeous, sometimes eventually subglabrate above, the lower long-petiolate and 2–3 times pinnatifid, with mostly oblong obtuse segments 1.5–4 mm wide, the blade rounded-ovate in outline; upper lvs progressively less divided and shorter-petiolate, the segments often more acute; infl ample, leafy; involucre 2–3 mm; receptacle beset with numerous long white hairs between the fls; achenes nearly cylindric, but narrowed to the base and rounded at the top; 2n=18. Fields and waste places; native of Europe, now established across n. U.S. and adj. Can., throughout our range. July–Sept.
Perennials, 40–60(–100) cm (mat-forming), aromatic. Stems gray-green (sometimes woody proximally), densely canescent to glabrescent (hairs appressed). Leaves deciduous, gray-green; blades broadly ovate, 3–8 × 1–4 cm, mostly pinnately lobed (basal 2–3-pinnatifid, lobes obovate), faces densely canescent. Heads (nodding) in open (diffusely branched), paniculiform arrays 10–20(–35) × (2–)10–13(–15) cm. Involucres broadly ovoid, 2–3 × 3–5 mm. Phyllaries gray-green, densely sericeous. Florets: pistillate 9–20; bisexual 30–50; corollas 1–2 mm, glandular. Cypselae (± cylindric, slightly curved, obscurely nerved), ± 0.5 mm, glabrous (shiny). 2n = 18.
A perennial herb. It grows 60-90 cm high and 50-60 cm wide. It has a woody base. The leaves are finely divided and silvery. It spread by rhizomes or underground stems. The stems above ground can also form roots. The flowers are in flower heads which occur in sprays. They are dull yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 1.05 - 1.25
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 1.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows on hillsides, steppe, scrub, forest margins between 1100-1500 m altitude in China. It is frost hardy. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 4-10.
More
Waste land, rocks and screes. Hillsides, steppes, scrub, forest margins, often in locally moist situations; at elevations from 1,100-1,500 metres in China..
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 5-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

CAUTION: The plant is poisonous. Absinthe oil and alcohol can cause death. The leaves have been used to flavour sauces. The leaves are cooked. The flowers are also used for herbal teas. The above ground parts are used for spirits. The flowering tops are used to make geese and duck dishes less greasy.
Uses essential oil fodder food food additive insecticide material medicinal oil poison seasoning social use tea vertebrate poison wood
Edible flowers leaves stems
Therapeutic use Edema (aerial part), Fever (aerial part), Malaria (aerial part), Visceral disorders (aerial part), Anthelmintics (flower), Anti-infective agents, local (flower), Antipyretics (flower), Appetite stimulants (flower), Diuretics (flower), Fever (flower), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Stomach diseases (flower), Wounds and injuries (flower), Deobstruent (flower), Anthelmintic (leaf), Cold Remedy (leaf), Misc. Disease Remedy (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antinematodal agents (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Digestive system diseases (leaf), Edema (leaf), Fever (leaf), Malaria (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Visceral disorders (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Diaphoretic (leaf), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Anthelmintics (root), Antipyretics (root), Appetite stimulants (root), Diuretics (root), Fever (root), Deobstruent (root), Anthelmintics (stem), Anti-infective agents, local (stem), Antipyretics (stem), Appetite stimulants (stem), Diuretics (stem), Edema (stem), Fever (stem), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (stem), General tonic for rejuvenation (stem), Skin diseases (stem), Visceral disorders (stem), Wounds and injuries (stem), Deobstruent (stem), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Anthelminthic (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Balsamic (unspecified), Cancer(Liver) (unspecified), Deobstruent (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Liqueur (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Wen (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Abortifacient (unspecified), Antifertility (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Leukemia (unspecified), Sclerosis (unspecified), Tumor(Breast) (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Anorexia (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Asthenia (unspecified), Biliary tract diseases (unspecified), Brain concussion (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Gastrointestinal diseases (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Abdominal pain (whole plant), Anthelmintics (whole plant), Antiparasitic agents (whole plant), Antipyretics (whole plant), Antirheumatic agents (whole plant), Appetite stimulants (whole plant), Arthritis (whole plant), Ascites (whole plant), Contraceptive agents (whole plant), Digestive system diseases (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Dysmenorrhea (whole plant), Dysuria (whole plant), Earache (whole plant), Epilepsy (whole plant), Fever (whole plant), Gastrointestinal agents (whole plant), Inflammation (whole plant), Insecticides (whole plant), Liver diseases (whole plant), Paralysis (whole plant), Periodontitis (whole plant), Splenic diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity toxic (aerial)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown by seed or cuttings.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Artemisia absinthium habit picture by Dominique doudet (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia absinthium habit picture by Lysander Meander (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia absinthium habit picture by Nicolas Crosse (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Artemisia absinthium leaf picture by julien 35 (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia absinthium leaf picture by Vitonya Vitonya (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia absinthium leaf picture by Medesima Me (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Artemisia absinthium flower picture by Alberto Vismara (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia absinthium flower picture by c3rebro (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia absinthium flower picture by Idris Lechaptois (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Artemisia absinthium fruit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia absinthium fruit picture by Stefana Popova (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia absinthium fruit picture by Zugna Fulvio (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Artemisia absinthium world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Eritrea, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:300106-2
WFO ID wfo-0000134589
COL ID GVZC
BDTFX ID 6753
INPN ID 83933
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Absinthium majus Absinthium bipedale Artemisia absinthium Artemisia rehan Artemisia absinthia Artemisia rhaetica Artemisia kulbadica Artemisia arborescens f. rehan Artemisia inodora Artemisia albida Artemisia doonense Artemisia baldaccii Artemisia albida Absinthium officinale Artemisia pendula Artemisia absinthium var. insipida Artemisia absinthium var. absinthium Artemisia arborescens var. cupaniana