Artemisia annua L.

Sweet wormwood (en), Armoise annuelle (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Artemisia

Characteristics

Herbs, annual, 70-160(-200) cm tall, much branched, sparsely puberulent, soon glabrous, strongly aromatic. Leaves gland-dotted. Lowermost stem leaves: leaf blade ovate or triangular-ovate, 3-7 × 2-6 cm, 3(or 4)-pinnatipartite; segments 5-8(-10) pairs. Middle stem leaves: petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade 2(or 3)-pinnatisect or pectinatisect; lobules deeply serrate to pectinate; teeth triangular, 1-2 × ca. 0.5 mm; rachis narrowly winged, sparsely serrate or not; midvein prominent adaxially. Uppermost leaves and leaflike bracts 1(or 2)-pinnatipartite. Synflorescence a panicle to 15 × 8 cm, produced from most nodes to form broad, conical compound panicle. Capitula many, shortly pedunculate, closely subtended by whorl of bracteoles, nodding. Involucre globose, 1.5-2.5 mm in diam.; phyllaries broad and scarious, ± glabrous. Marginal female florets 10-18. Disk florets 10-30, bisexual; corolla dark yellow or yellow. Achenes ellipsoid-ovoid. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 18.
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Annuals, 30–200(–300) cm, sweetly aromatic. Stems mostly 1, erect, green, turning to reddish brown with age, simple (smooth or ribbed), glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaves cauline, bright green; blades triangular to broadly ovate, 2–5(–10) × 2–4 cm, 2–3-pinnatifid (lobes relatively narrow, ± toothed), faces glabrous, gland-dotted. Heads (nodding, peduncles 2–5 mm) in open, (diffusely branched, leafy) arrays 15–30(–40) × 10–20 cm. Involucres globose, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm. Phyllaries (green) lanceolate, glabrous. Florets: pistillate (0–)10–20; bisexual 18–24; corollas pale yellow (broadly campanulate), 0.5–1 mm, glabrous. Cypselae oblong (flattened), 0.3–0.8 mm, glabrous. 2n = 18.
Sweet-scented glabrous annual 3–30 dm, usually bushy-branched; lvs 2–10 cm, mostly twice or thrice pinnatifid, the ultimate segments linear or lanceolate, sharply toothed; infl broad and open, panicle-like, the heads loose, often nodding, on evident short peduncles; invol glabrous, 1–2 mm; achenes narrowly turbinate, obscurely or scarcely nerved; 2n=18. Fields and waste places; native to Asia and e. Europe, now naturalized in N. Amer., especially in e. and c. U.S. and adj. Can. Aug.–Nov. Source of a potentially important antimalarial drug, artemisinin.
A large annual herb. The stems are upright and often red. It can grow 1.6 m tall. The leaves are finely divided with leaflets along the stalk and teeth along the edge. The flowers are small and yellow and are in loose clusters.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 1.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A temperate plant. It can grow in semi-desert and salty soils. In China it grows between 2,000-3,700 m above sea level. It grows in Sichuan and Yunnan. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level.
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Hills, waysides, wastelands, outer forest margins, steppes, forest steppes, dry floodlands, terraces, semidesert steppes, rocky slopes, roadsides, saline soils; at elevations from 2,000-3,700 metres in China.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

It is used as a medium for growing Aspergillus used in brewing wine. It is also used to flavour honey wine. Caution: The leaves should not be given to pregnant women during the first 3 months of pregnancy.
Uses brewing environmental use essential oil food material medicinal ornamental
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Antipruritics (aerial part), Antipyretics (aerial part), Colonic neoplasms (aerial part), Fever (aerial part), Leukemia, lymphoid (aerial part), Lung neoplasms (aerial part), Malaria (aerial part), Nasopharyngeal neoplasms (aerial part), Scabies (aerial part), Ulcer (aerial part), Abscess (unspecified), Airwick (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Bitter-Principle (unspecified), Night-Sweat (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Jaundice (whole plant), Skin diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity strong toxic (aerial)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from small cuttings. Remove the leaves.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 20 - 40
Germination temperacture (C°) 19 - 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 13 - 29
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Artemisia annua habit picture by vero veronique (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia annua habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia annua habit picture by genevieve salvin (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Artemisia annua leaf picture by Natalia Saldaña (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia annua leaf picture by Shana Lallemand (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia annua leaf picture by de la torre Miguel Ángel (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Artemisia annua flower picture by Alana Stover (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia annua flower picture by Marlu (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia annua flower picture by fdsg56 (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Artemisia annua fruit picture by Walter Madoerin (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia annua fruit picture by Claire Breit (cc-by-sa)
Artemisia annua fruit picture by Hosseini Amjad (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Artemisia annua world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova (Republic of), North Macedonia, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mongolia, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:304416-2
WFO ID wfo-0000083255
COL ID GW2V
BDTFX ID 6765
INPN ID 83938
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Artemisia wadei Artemisia hyrcana Artemisia chamomilla Artemisia stewartii Artemisia exilis Artemisia suaveolens Artemisia plumosa Artemisia annua f. annua Artemisia wedei Artemisia annua f. macrocephala Artemisia annua