Asphodelus fistulosus L.

Onionweed (en), Asphodèle fistuleux (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Asphodelaceae > Asphodelus

Characteristics

Annual or biennial herb. Roots fibrous. Leaves hollow, to 40 cm long, 1.5–4 mm wide, minutely scabrid. Inflorescence a panicle to 70 cm long; flowers in axil of a membranous bract. Perianth segments shortly connate at base, 8–12 mm long, pink and white with a conspicuous red-brown nerve, shrinking around developing fruit, later deciduous but leaving a basal cup c. 0.5 mm deep. Stamens 1–2 mm shorter than perianth segments; anthers versatile, 1.5–2 mm long. Style ±equal to stamens; stigma shortly 3-lobed. Capsule subglobose, 4–7 mm long. Seeds 1 or 2 per locule, c. 3 mm long, transversely wrinkled or indented on convex side.
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Short-lived perennial, roots fleshy-fibrous. Leaves densely tufted, linear, 12-25 cm × 2-4 mm, fleshy, striate, hollow, semicylindric to ± trigonous, finely scabrid. Scape simple or branched, 20-60 cm high, firm. Racemes to 20 cm long, lax; pedicels erect, articulate at middle, bract acuminate. Flowers c. 1 cm long, 2 cm diam., white or pale pink; segments spreading, each with a conspicuous green or purple median vein. Staminal-filaments dilated and ciliate at base. Capsule c. 5 × 5 mm, retuse, valves with few large transverse furrows. Seeds c. 3.5 mm long, fusiform-trigonous, black.
A herb which keeps growing from year to year. It is erect. It can be 60 cm high. The leaves near the base are long, hollow and like a cylinder. The flowering stems are round and hollow. The flower buds are pink. The open flowers are pink to white. There are 6 petals and orange coloured anthers. The fruit is a wrinkled capsule. It contains 3-6 black wrinkled seeds which are triangle shaped.
Tufted annual to 50 cm; roots fibrous. Leaves many, semi-terete, hollow, ± undulate. Flowers in a panicle with ascending branches, nodding, pale pinkish white. Fruits subglobse.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.35 - 0.6
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant. It grows on dry, rocky and waste places. It needs well-drained soils. It suits a shaded position. It grows in warm temperate places. It is damaged by drought and frost. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Dry sandy or rocky places in fields, track-sides and uncultivated ground.
Usually found in open sandy soil.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-9

Usage

The root is cooked and reduced to a pulp then blended with barley and buckwheat flours. The shoots can be steamed, boiled or fried.
Uses environmental use food medicinal
Edible bulbs leaves roots tubers
Therapeutic use Anti-inflammatory agents (seed), Diuretics (seed), Ulcer (seed), Diuretic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Atherosclerosis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by division.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Asphodelus fistulosus habit picture by sancho jesus (cc-by-sa)
Asphodelus fistulosus habit picture by jlapoutre (cc-by-sa)
Asphodelus fistulosus habit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Asphodelus fistulosus leaf picture by Franco Colnago (cc-by-sa)
Asphodelus fistulosus leaf picture by Blanca Antonio (cc-by-sa)
Asphodelus fistulosus leaf picture by Fabrice Mélet (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Asphodelus fistulosus flower picture by Georges Olioso (cc-by-sa)
Asphodelus fistulosus flower picture by Franco Colnago (cc-by-sa)
Asphodelus fistulosus flower picture by martos tortosa (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Asphodelus fistulosus fruit picture by Cécile Fukari (cc-by-sa)
Asphodelus fistulosus fruit picture by Bernard Evrad (cc-by-sa)
Asphodelus fistulosus fruit picture by Bernard Evrad (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Asphodelus fistulosus world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Cyprus, Germany, Algeria, Spain, France, Greece, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Mauritius, Netherlands, New Zealand, Oman, Palau, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tunisia, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Asphodelus fistulosus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:531496-1
WFO ID wfo-0000636824
COL ID 685MH
BDTFX ID 7362
INPN ID 84355
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Asphodelus fistulosus Verinea fistulosa Ophioprason fistulosum Asphodeloides ramosa Asphodelus fistulosus var. fistulosus

Lower taxons

Asphodelus fistulosus subsp. madeirensis Asphodelus fistulosus subsp. fistulosus