Asplenium normale D.Don

Rainforest spleenwort (en)

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Aspleniaceae > Asplenium

Characteristics

Plants 15-40 cm tall. Rhizome erect, short, apex scaly; scales blackish brown, narrowly triangular, costate, with or without median opaque zone, margin fimbriate or entire. Fronds caespitose; stipe castaneous-brown to purplish black, shiny, 5-15(-21) cm, terete to tri-or tetragonous; lamina linear-lanceolate, 12-14(-28) × 2-3(-3.6) cm, 1-pinnate; pinnae 20-30(-44) pairs, alternate, sessile, middle pinnae trapeziform to oblong, 8-18 × 4-8 mm, base asymmetrical, acroscopic side truncate and subauriculate, basiscopic side narrowly cuneate, margin repand or crenate to serrate, apex obtuse; basal pinnae often somewhat reflexed, occasionally reduced. Costa with anadromously pinnate venation but with first basiscopic vein lacking, obscure, or faintly visible, veins simple or 2-forked. Fronds herbaceous to thinly papery, brownish green or grayish green when dry, (sub)glabrous; rachis castaneous-brown, subglabrous, often compressed after drying, adaxially with a deep furrow with rounded lateral edges, abaxially terete or keeled, often gemmiferous near apex. Sori 3 or 4(-6) per pinna, linear-elliptic, 2-2.5(-3) mm, median on subtending vein; indusium brown or grayish brown, semi-elliptic, membranous, entire, opening toward costa. Spores with lophate (cristate to alate) perispore, with perforated crests. Plants sexual: 2n = 72, 144, 216, or 288.
More
Lithophytic fern. Rhizome erect, scaly. Stipe and rachis shiny, dark brown throughout, ± glabrous; stipe 3–12 cm long, c. 0.5 mm diam. Lamina very narrowly elliptic to ± linear, pinnate, 8–12 cm long, 1.7–2.3 cm wide, thin, ± glabrous. Pinnae in 15–25 pairs, ± oblong; bases unequally cuneate, lobed acroscopically and excised basiscopically, shortly stalked; apices obtuse; acroscopic and apical margins coarsely crenate-serrate; basiscopic margins entire; longest pinnae near middle, 8–12 mm long, 5–7 mm wide, decreasing gradually upwards to a short acuminate pinnatifid apex; lowest pinnae deflexed. Sori to 2 mm long. Perispores dark, reticulate, fenestrate with occasional ridges; exospores 34.6–34.8 × 22.7–23.4 µm (means).
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.4
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Grows on rocks, and rocky embankments of rivers in notophyll rainforest above 1000 m elevation.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 3-8
Soil texture 6-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Asplenium normale unspecified picture

Distribution

Asplenium normale world distribution map, present in Australia, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Japan, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mozambique, Malawi, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Rwanda, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17048230-1
WFO ID wfo-0001108058
COL ID HL2G
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Asplenium pavonicum Asplenium minus Asplenium monanthemoides Asplenium abbottii Asplenium multicaule Asplenium boreale Asplenium normale Asplenium induratum Asplenium rectangulare Asplenium opacum Asplenium multijugum Asplenium pseudonormale

Lower taxons

Asplenium normale var. angustum