Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm.

Grassfern (en), Doradille septentrionale (fr), Doradille du Nord (fr)

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Aspleniaceae > Asplenium

Characteristics

Plants 8-15 cm tall. Rhizome shortly creeping to ascending, apex scaly; scales dark brown, narrowly triangular to subulate, entire to denticulate, at base fimbriate. Fronds caespitose; stipe shiny castaneous only at base, abruptly green toward rachis, 6-10 cm, 2-3 × as long as lamina, with unicellular glands or subglabrous, apex 2-or 3-forked; segments linear, 2-3 × 0.1-0.15(-0.25) cm, base gradually decurrent onto stipe, minutely forked again at apex. Fronds without distinct rachis, green, other veins slender and subparallel to central axis, 1 veinlet per ultimate segment. Fronds herbaceous-leathery, grass-green. Sori 1-5 per segment, linear, 1-2 cm, on acroscopic veins and close to costa, at maturity covering entire surface; indusia brown, linear, membranous, free margin often with unicellular glands, entire-sinuate, opening toward main vein (costa), persistent but reflexed and covered by sporangia at maturity. Spores with lophate perispore, average exospore length 39-44 µm. Plants sexual tetraploid: 2n = 144.
More
Roots not proliferous. Stems erect, much branched to produce dense many-stemmed tufts or mats bearing numerous crowded leaves; scales dark reddish brown to black throughout, narrowly deltate, 2--4 × 0.3--0.6 mm, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic. Petiole dark reddish brown proximally, fading to green distally, 2--13 cm, 2--5 times length of blade; indument absent. Blade linear, simple or more often 1-pinnate, 0.5--4 × 0.1--0.4 cm, occasionally wider when pinnae strongly diverge, leathery, glabrous; base acute; apex acute, not rooting at tip. Rachis green, lustrous, glabrous. Pinnae of pinnate leaves 2(--4), strongly ascending to give forked appearance, linear, (5--)10--30 × 0.75--3 mm; base acute; margins remotely lacerate; apex acute. Veins free, obscure. Sori usually 2+ per pinna, parallel to margins. Spores 64 per sporangium. 2 n = 144.
Plants forming large, very dense tufts, with numerous, crowded, slender lvs 5–15 cm, grass-like in aspect; petiole greenish, very slender, ca 0.5 mm thick, ± erect, generally longer than the blade; blades irregularly forked, with a few narrow segments (or some unforked), each segment 1–2 cm × 1–2 mm, entire or with a few long, slender teeth (reduced pinnules), and with a single compound sorus (subtended by a ± continuous indusium just within the margin on each side) running its whole length; 2n=144. Interruptedly circumboreal, in Amer. mostly cordilleran, but disjunct on shale in Monroe and Hardy cos., W.Va.
A fern. It grows 8-15 cm tall. It has a short creeping rhizome or underground stem. It has dark brown narrowly triangle shaped scales. The leaves are crowded in tufts. They are slender and 5-15 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination hydrogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.07 - 0.15
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate plant.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 6-9
Soil acidity 1-5
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

The fronds are used to make a drink (Ratafia) in Spain.
Uses medicinal
Edible fronds
Therapeutic use Common cold (leaf), Headache (leaf), Influenza, human (leaf)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Asplenium septentrionale habit picture by Fabien Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Asplenium septentrionale habit picture by Stéphane Mars (cc-by-sa)
Asplenium septentrionale habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Asplenium septentrionale leaf picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)
Asplenium septentrionale leaf picture by Leandro 1947 (cc-by-sa)
Asplenium septentrionale leaf picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Asplenium septentrionale fruit picture by margarida vila (cc-by-sa)
Asplenium septentrionale fruit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Asplenium septentrionale fruit picture by Nicolas (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Asplenium septentrionale world distribution map, present in China, France, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:304469-2
WFO ID wfo-0001109358
COL ID HLFX
BDTFX ID 74982
INPN ID 84526
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Tarachia septentrionalis Belvisia septentrionalis Chamaefilix septentrionalis Acrostichum septentrionale Scolopendrium septentrionale Blechnum septentrionale Acropteris septentrionalis Amesium septentrionale Asplenium septentrionale

Lower taxons

Asplenium septentrionale subsp. caucasicum Asplenium septentrionale subsp. septentrionale