Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench

Basilic commun (fr), Ocime basilic (fr), Basilic aux sauces (fr), Basilic romain (fr), Herbe royale (fr), Pistou (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Basilicum

Characteristics

Herbs erect. Stems to 1 m tall, glandular, scabrid on angles, puberulent on nodes. Petiole 1-5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate-to triangular-ovate, 2-7 × 1.2-5.5 cm, membranous, subglabrous, densely golden glandular, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin crenate above base, apex slightly acute; lateral veins 3-or 4-paired. Thyrses numerous, 3-6 cm, pedunculate, puberulent, glandular; bracts obovate-rhombic, ca. 1.5 mm. Calyx ca. 1.5 mm, ovoid-campanulate, minutely hispid near base, glabrous toward apex, sparsely golden glandular; posterior tooth broadly ovate, apex obtuse; lateral teeth smaller, triangular, apex acute; anterior teeth narrow, lanceolate, apex spinescent; fruiting calyx 2-2.5 mm, ovoid, slightly constricted at throat, declined, posterior tooth margin somewhat decurrent, ± conspicuously 10-veined. Corolla white to reddish, straight, cylindric, ca. 2.5 mm, sparsely puberulent, lips glandular, sparsely puberulent at throat just below upper lip inside, tube ca. 2 mm; upper lip lobes ovate, middle lobe longer; lower lip oblong, margin entire, flat, nearly as long as upper lip. Nutlets brown, ovoid, ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug.
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Erect herb, 0.4-1 m. Stem much branched, ± glabrous, prominently 4-angled. Leaves thin-membranaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate, 2-5 by 1-3.5 cm, acuminate or caudate, base acute or attenuate, irregularly serrate, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole slender, 1-4 cm. Raceme-like inflorescence 3-6 cm long (in fruit over 10 cm). Bracts minute, lanceolate, aristate, 1-2 mm. Pedicels 1-2 mm, persistent. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, 1.5-2 mm long (in fruit 3-3.5 mm, slightly inflated at base); upper lip broad, entire, reflexed; lower lip 4-toothed, 2 lateral teeth ovate, and 2 lower teeth cuspidate. Corolla pale lilac to purple or flesh-coloured, sometimes white, 2-2.5 mm long. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs, included. Nutlets minute, broadly ellipsoid, compressed, smooth.
Freely branched, glabrous herb, 0.3-0.5 m tall; stems 4-angled. Leaves petiolate; blade ovate, 20-50 x 10-35 mm, under-surface freely gland-dotted, apex acuminate, base cuneate to obtuse, entire, upper margin crenate-dentate; petiole slender, 20-30 mm long. Inflorescence lax to fairly dense, 50-100 x 8 mm; bracts minute, ovate; pedicels 1-2 mm long. Calyx glandular-puberulous, 1.25 mm long at flowering, enlarging to 3 mm long. Corolla white or mauve, 1.5-2 mm long. Stamens scarcely exserted; lower pair attached at the corolla throat, the upper pair about the middle of the tube.
A small herb. It grows 90 cm high and spreads 50 cm wide. The stem is erect and branching. The leaves are oval or sword shaped and opposite. They are green and 5 cm long. The flowers are tube shaped and white. They have 2 expanding lips. They grow in groups along one side of a stalk.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.7 - 0.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
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Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Fallow rice-fields, watersides, swampy grasslands, open waste places, largely in settled areas, with a preference for seasonal climatic conditions, therefore in Java largely in areas subject to a dry climate, and scarce in most of Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo. Fl. Jan.-Dec.Flowers are often galled, and inflorescences bear sometimes large red galls, caused by a gall-midge.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows near river banks and in damp places. It needs well-composted moist soils. It suits a partly shaded position. In southern China it grows in thickets near streams between sea level and 800 m above sea level.
Found as a weed in open waste places, usually in humid soils, such as fallow rice fields, along streams and swampy grasslands.
Light -
Soil humidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. According to HEYNE ( HEYNE Nutt. Pl. ed. 3 1950 1335 ) the crushed leaves are used in Java for sprains. Decoctions are used externally and internally for epilepsy, palpitations of the heart, neuralgia and convulsions.
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It is used in sauces and as a flavouring.
Uses essential oil food material medicinal poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
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Germination luminosity -
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Vigor -
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Images

Basilicum polystachyon unspecified picture

Distribution

Basilicum polystachyon world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Comoros, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Nigeria, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Solomon Islands, Somalia, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:445025-1
WFO ID wfo-0000318322
COL ID 68CYS
BDTFX ID 9269
INPN ID 85622
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Moschosma dimidiatum Ocimum moschatum Ocimum polystachyon Plectranthus moschatus Lehmannia ocymoidea Lumnitzera moschata Moschosma moschatum Moschosma polystachyon Ocimum dimidiatum Ocimum tashiroi Basilicum polystachyon Perxo polystachya Plectranthus micranthus Plectranthus parviflorus Basilicum polystachyon var. stereocladum Lumnitzera polystachyon