Berkheya echinacea Burtt Davy

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Berkheya

Characteristics

Herba perennis erecta, cr. 20-100 cm alta, rhizomate lignoso tuberoso; radices partim tuberosi-incrassatae. Caulis simplex vel in parte superiore ± ramosus, pilis hyalinis glanduliferis sparsis obsitus vel ± glaber, tota longitudine foliatus et alatus. Folia alterna, sessilia, basalia plerumque deficientia, interdum praesentia et ± conferta, obovati-elliptica, basin versus angustata, 3-8(-18) cm longa, 1.5-3(-5) cm lata; folia caulina lineari-oblonga vel anguste lanceolata vel late lanceolata, acuta, 2-12 cm longa, 2-20(-30) mm lata superioribus sensim minoribus, margine subintegerrima vel leviter vel levissime sinuati-dentata vel grosse et evidenter dentata, supra et margine spinis flexilibus usque ad 2-3(-5) mm longis stramineis ± antrorsum curvatis dense obtecta, subtus subglabra, in nervo mediano (interdum in tota facie) pilis hyalinis (glanduliferis?) obtecta vel interdum ceterum leviter araneosi-tomentosa; decurrentia in alas 2-3(-5) mm latas sinuatas ut folia dense spinosas. Capitula in apice caulis simplicis solitaria vel complura in inflorescentiam subcorym-biformem disposita, radiata, ligulis expansis (2.5-)3-4.5(-6) cm diam. Involucri squamae patentes, pilis glanduliferis sparsis obsitae, ceterum ± glabrae, lineares, 0.5-1(-2) mm latae, spinosi-acuminatae, exteriorea et mediae margine spinis eis in foliis similibus 2-3 mm longis geminatis in cr. 4-5 iugis obsitae et ceterum plerumque spinis minoribus ciliatae, interiores sensim minus spinosae et denique inermes, minutissime denticulatae, mediae 12-15(-20) mm longae, ceterae breviores. Margines alveolarum receptaculi in setas paucas cr. 1 mm longas productae. Achaenia cr. 1-2.5 mm longa, pilis sericeis ± densis obtecta. Pappi squamae subbiseriatae, 10+10, obovatae vel oblongae, obtusae, ad apicem irregulariter denticulatae, cr. 1.5 mm longae.
More
A stout herbaceous perennial with one or several erect stems from a perennial stock, roots tuberous, stems up to 1 m tall, simple or forked above to carry up to 5 (rarely more) heads corymbosely arranged, leafy throughout, winged. Basal leaves (often wanting) elliptic or ovate-elliptic, up to 8 x 5 cm, entire, upper surface and margins thickly beset with stout, bulbous-based, straw-coloured bristles, lower surface glabrous or nearly so, stem leaves subimbricate, up to 50 x 8 mm, decreasing slightly in size upwards, linear-oblong to lanceolate, acute, bristle-tipped, margins and upper surface bristly like the radical leaves, entire or dentate, decurrent on the stem in broad, toothed, bristly wings. Heads up to 6 cm across the expanded rays, terminal, solitary or few (rarely many) corymbosely arranged. Involucral bracts linear, up to 2 mm broad, tips and margins spiny, minutely glandular. Rays and disc yellow. Achenes c. 1.5-2 mm long, turbinate, villous. Pappus scales c. 2 mm long, oblong, obtuse.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses environmental use fuel medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
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Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Berkheya echinacea world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:184546-1
WFO ID wfo-0000008611
COL ID LL7S
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Berkheya echinacea

Lower taxons

Berkheya echinacea subsp. polyacantha Berkheya echinacea subsp. echinacea