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Perennial herb, (0.20-)0.25-0.90 m high. Stems winged, spinose. Leaves alternate; in a basal rosette and scattered along flowering stems; blade of lower leaves obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, up to 400 x 120 mm, apex subobtuse to rounded, base narrowed petiole-like, margins sinuate to sinuate-lobate, lobes denticulate-spinose and spinose-ciliate in between, upper surface scattered hairy, lower surface white-tomentose; upper leaves sessile, much smaller, narrowly oblong to linear, apex acute, base decurrent on stem. Heads radiate, 30-50 mm in diameter, a few laxly arranged terminally, pedunculate. Involucral bracts connate at base, linear to very narrowly ovate, up to 3 mm wide, apex and margins spiny, minutely glandular and cobwebby on backs, or glabrescent. Flowers: ray and disc florets yellow; Oct.-Mar. Fruit with cypsela turbinate, glabrous, 3.5-4.5 mm long. Pappus of scales, biseriate, up to 2 mm long, narrowly oblong.
Perennial herb, 0.25-0.90 m high; from woody taproot; stems erect, branched in upper part, leafy, longitudinally striate. Leaves alternate, basal ones oblanceolate to elliptic; upper cauline leaves narrowly oblong to linear, apex in all leaves subobtuse to rounded and spine-tipped, margins spinescent between teeth, upper surface with scattered pilose hairs becoming scabrous, lower surface felted-tomentose. Capitula radiate; involucral bracts: outer and innermost somewhat shorter, all lorate and spine-tipped, sparsely thinly araneose often also with gland-tipped hairs or glabrescent; outer bracts with 5-8 stout spines on each margin. Receptacle alveolae margins with teeth. Ray florets yellow, 4-lobed. Disc florets many; corollas yellow. Pappus of biseriate scales, overlapping, narrowly oblong. Cypselae narrowly turbinate, 4-or 5-angular, glabrous.
Perennial herb, (0.20-)0.25-0.90 m high. Stems winged. Leaves in a basal rosette, obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, margins repand-sinuate to sinuate-lobate, densely ciliate, albo-tomentose; cauline leaves smaller. Heads radiate. Flowers yellow.
