Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville

Lesser water-parsnip, water celery (en), Petite berle (fr), Berle dressée (fr), Berle à feuilles étroites (fr), Cresson sauvage (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Berula

Characteristics

Weak, glabrous, erect or decumbent rhizomatous perennial, rooting at the lower nodes with clusters of white rootlets, 0.2–1 m. tall, rather sparingly branched from the base upwards.. Stem and branches succulent, fistular, with raised lines and alternating grooves, stems sometimes reddish about the base.. Leaves simply pinnate; lowest leaves with the lamina linear-oblong in outline, ± 5–45 × 3–12 cm.; leaflets in (5–)7–11(–13) pairs, linear to broadly or oblong-lanceolate, 0.7–7.5 × 0.3–2 cm., acute to obtuse at the apex, occasionally incised at the base on the antical margin with a forwardly-directed lobule, margins with jaggedly acute to rather blunt, pale-or whitish-mucronate teeth; sheath oblong, occasionally ciliate, auriculate above, ± 0.6–4 cm.; petiole 2.5–11 cm.; upper leaves rapidly much reduced, sessile on the sheaths, leaflets often very small and sharply toothed, in 2–5 pairs.. Umbels on 1.5–8 cm. peduncles; rays 9–16, usually unequal, 0.7–4 cm.; involucre conspicuous, of ± 5–8 linear and simple to dentate, trisect or pinnatisect, pale-margined bracts; partial umbels ± 7–22-flowered, pedicels 2–4(–6) mm.; involucel similar to the involucre but smaller, entire or sparingly denticulate, subequalling the flowers at anthesis.. Sepals small but obvious, subulate.. Petals white, ± 1 mm.. Fruit broadly ovoid to almost round in outline, ± 2 mm., glabrous, primary ribs pale, narrow; stylopodia shortly conical, exceeded by the rather slender, ± 0.75–1 mm. styles.. Fig. 24.
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Plants 40–50(–100) cm. Stem hollow, branched, rooting at basal nodes. Submerged leaves 3–4-pinnate; ultimate segments linear. Aerial leaves 1-pinnate; pinnae 4–9(–15) pairs, basal pairs remote, sessile, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 1.5–5(–7) × 0.8–2.5(–3) cm, base obliquely truncate, usually with 1 lobe at basal edge, margins serrate or irregularly incised. Upper leaves smaller, sheaths expanded. Umbels 4–6 cm across; bracts 3–6, oblong or lanceolate, 6–21 mm, entire or incised; rays 5–15 (–20), 2–3 cm, unequal; bracteoles 5–8, 1.5–5 mm, unequal, usually entire, nearly as long as or longer than the pedicels; umbellules 10–20-flowered; pedicels 2–5 mm, unequal. Calyx teeth 0.4–0.8 mm. Fruit 2–2.2 × 1.5–2 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
Leaves up to 50 cm. long, simply pinnate, with 7–12 pairs of sessile leaflets; petioles up to 12 cm. long, leaf bases narrowly sheathing. Leaflets 1–8 cm. long, coarsely and rather irregularly toothed (some of the lower leaflets sometimes showing a tendency towards the separation of leaflets of the second order). Teeth sometimes with a cartilaginous covering which may extend along the margin towards the next tooth. Upper leaves gradually reduced in size and form upwards.
Stem sparsely branched, to 8 dm; lvs oblong, the 9–23 lfls lanceolate to oblong or ovate, serrate or lobed, those of the upper lvs commonly lanceolate and deeply incised; rays 5–15, 1–3 cm; umbellets 1 cm wide; fr 1.5–2 mm, rarely maturing; 2n=12. Springs, bogs, and shallow water; N.Y. and s. Ont. to Minn. and B.C., s. to Fla. and Mex.; Europe and the Mediterranean region. June–Sept. The Amer. plants are var. incisa (Torr.) Cronquist. (B. pusilla)
Umbels terminal and lateral on peduncles 2–12 cm. long. Bracts numerous and well developed, narrowly linear with a narrow membranous margin or linear-3-partite with obvious lateral teeth. Rays often rather irregular, 10–20; bracteoles numerous, similar to the bracts but correspondingly smaller.
Fruit c. 2 mm. long, brownish at maturity, almost orbicular, slightly broader than long, depressed laterally; stylopodium 0·5 mm. long, small, conical; styles c. 1 mm. long, slightly clubbed at the apex; ribs filiform and inconspicuous at maturity.
A feather-like herb. It is a creeping plant. It grows 30 cm high. It keeps growing from year to year. The runners form roots in mud. The stems are hollow. The flowers are white and in small heads.
Robust glabrous perennial herb up to 2·5 m. high, erect or decumbent, rhizomatous to stoloniferous, rooting at the nodes.
Petals white, calyx teeth triangular-subulate, persistent in fruit.
Flowers on fine, sometimes irregular, pedicels.
Stem hollow, terete, with coarse grooves.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support aquatic free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread hydrochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.45 - 0.85
Root system adventitious-root creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in moist to wet soils. It grows in ditches and near canals. It can grow in light shade or full sun. It is damaged by frost. In western China it grow up to 1,500 m above sea level.
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An aquatic or semi-aquatic plant, growing in ditches, canals, ponds, streamsides, fens and marshes.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 6-9
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The leaves are cooked. They are often cooked with onion. Caution: They are poisonous uncooked.
Uses food gene source medicinal poison
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Unspecified (leaf), Antirheumatic (External) (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sclerosis(Uterus) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Berula erecta habit picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)
Berula erecta habit picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)
Berula erecta habit picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Berula erecta leaf picture by Dietmar Zechner (cc-by-sa)
Berula erecta leaf picture by Ugoline Jacquot (cc-by-sa)
Berula erecta leaf picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Berula erecta flower picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)
Berula erecta flower picture by Françoise Arbet (cc-by-sa)
Berula erecta flower picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Berula erecta fruit picture by Вера Иванова (cc-by-sa)
Berula erecta fruit picture by Marie France Petibon (cc-by-sa)
Berula erecta fruit picture by Thibaut Durr (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Berula erecta world distribution map, present in Canada, China, France, Pakistan, and United States of America

Conservation status

Berula erecta threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:31836-2
WFO ID wfo-0000564539
COL ID LMZS
BDTFX ID 9492
INPN ID 85798
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Berula angustifolia Berula incisa Sium berula Sium angustifolium Sium ferula Sium erectum Selinum berula Apium berula Apium sium Carum sioides Berula orientalis Sium orientale Siella erecta Berula orientalis Sium incisum Sium novae-mexicae Berla monspeliensium Berula erecta f. dentata Berula erecta f. incisum Berula erecta f. microphylla Berula erecta f. repens Berula angustifolia Berula angustifolia Berula pusilla Berula erecta var. incisa Berula erecta var. stenodon Berula erecta