Trees to 20 m tall; bark black-brown, fissured. Branches red-brown or dark brown, shiny, glabrous; branchlets red-brown, villous, with dense, resinous glands. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, rhombic-ovate, or elliptic, 4-8 × 3.5-5 cm, abaxially densely resinous glandular along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded, broadly cuneate, or cuneate, margin irregularly and acutely doubly serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 6-8 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence erect or pendulous, oblong-cylindric, 2-2.5 × ca. 1 cm; peduncle 5-12 mm; bracts 5-6 mm, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong-lanceolate, lateral lobes spreading or recurved, ovate or broadly ovate, ca. as long as middle lobe. Nutlet broadly elliptic, glabrous, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 56.
Mixed or coniferous forests, dry or moist, sunny slopes, rocks on mountain summits; at elevations from 400-1,300 metres. Found on dry well drained ridges, slopes, terraces, riverbanks, sandy crests and river valleys.
Can be grown by cuttings, graftings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
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