Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Blainvillea

Characteristics

Annual aromatic herb (0.6–) 1.2–1.5 m high; stems hispid with sparse hairs swollen at base. Leaves opposite below, alternate above, ovate to lanceolate, 80–100 mm long, (35–) 40–50 mm wide, coarsely crenate, adaxially sparsely scabrid, abaxially densely scabrid especially on veins, with coarse white hairs swollen at base and sessile golden glands between veins; petioles 15–20 mm long. Capitula hemispherical, 6–10 mm diam.; involucral bracts lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute, green, densely hispid throughout; inner bracts ovate, acute to acuminate, green above, stramineous below; paleae stramineous, lacerate and sparsely ciliate at apex, striate, shortly pilose dorsally with numerous sessile golden glands. Ray florets c. 5; corolla c. 3 mm long, yellow; ligule 2-lobed. Disc florets c. 6, c. 2 mm long, yellow. Achenes grey to black, shortly pilose in upper half; ray achenes cylindrical-trigonous, often slightly curved, 4–5 mm long, truncate or sunken at apex, the angles crowned by short peaks, weakly rugose, with pappus of very short scales (sometimes absent), usually with 1 or 2 short awns 1–1.3 mm long; disc achenes obovoid, sometimes truncate as in ray achenes, 2-angled, compressed, 5–6 mm long, smooth apart from fine transverse wrinkles, with pappus as ray achenes
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Herbs, annual. Stems erect, 40-60 cm tall, branched. Lower leaves opposite, with up to 1 cm petioles, blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3-6 × 2-3 cm, both surfaces scabrid, base cuneate, margin sparsely serrate, apex acuminate; upper leaves smaller, usually alternate, ovate to ovate-oblong, 2-3 × 1.3-1.5 cm, base usually rounded. Capitula axillary or terminal, ca. 1 cm in diam.; peduncles slender, 15-40 mm, with spreading hairs; phyllaries 2-seriate, outer papery, green, ovate-oblong, ca. 6 mm, dorsally densely hairy, apex shortly acute or obtuse, inner ovate to oblong-linear, ca. 5 mm, sparsely pubescent, apex acute; paleae oblong-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, dorsally pubescent, apex aristiform. Ray florets 1-seriate, yellow or yellowish white, lamina ca. 3 mm, apex 2-4-toothed. Disk florets campanulate, limbs 5-toothed. Achenes densely pubescent, those in female florets 3-angled, ca. 4 mm, those in bisexual florets compressed, ca. 5 mm; pappus short, unequal, 2-5. Fl. Apr-Jun.
Annual herb, erect, 0.3–1.2 m high; stems hardly to much branched, scabrid-pilose.. Leaves elliptic to ovate, to 12 cm long, to 8 cm wide, base cuneate, margins serrate-crenate, apex acuminate, 3-veined from base, scabridulous.. Capitula slightly elongate-campanulate; involucre 10 mm long; phyllaries pale green with darker veins, oblong to elliptic, pilose and glandular.. Ray florets whitish, 3–5, ray 1–1.6 mm long, glabrous; disc florets whitish, 3.6 mm long.. Achenes narrowly obovoid, 3–5 mm long; pappus of 1–3 weak bristles to 1 mm long, on the edge of a shallow cup.. Fig. 154 (p. 736)
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Usually growing in near-coastal localities near sea level, often on alkaline soils (coral cays, beach sand, shell banks), sometimes extending into the understorey of woodland and vine thickets.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 4-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 11-12

Usage

Uses food medicinal spice
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Headache (flower), Mosquito control (flower), Paralysis (flower), Pharyngitis (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Toothache (flower), Reduced salivation (flower), Stuttering (flower), Anti-infective agents, local (leaf), Mouth diseases (seed), Wounds and injuries (shoot), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Gum (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Sprue (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Throat (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Larvicide (unspecified), Lithontriptic (unspecified), Panacea (unspecified), Stammering (unspecified), Stomatosis (unspecified), Fishes, poisonous (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Blainvillea acmella unspecified picture

Distribution

Blainvillea acmella world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Central African Republic, China, Egypt, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:185404-1
WFO ID wfo-0000066495
COL ID LZJR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 919744
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Spilanthes acmella Bidens acmella Blainvillea racemosa Blainvillea hispida Blainvillea polycephala Blainvillea alba Pyrethrum acmella Blainvillea acmella Blainvillea latifolia Verbesina lanceolata Coreopsis acmella Spilanthes acmella Verbesina dichotoma Calyptocarpus burchellii Verbesina acmella Ceratocephalus acmella Eisenmannia clandestina Verbesina lavenia Spilanthes acmella Oligogyne burchellii Bidens acmella Eclipta latifolia Ecliptica latifolia Acmella linnaei Ceratocephalus acmella var. acmella Blainvillea latifolia var. angustifolia Blainvillea gayana var. lanceolata Eclipta latifolia Spilanthes acmella