Bocconia frutescens L.

Parrotweed (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Papaveraceae > Bocconia

Characteristics

Small tree or shrub, or subherbaceous when young, the branchlets glabrous, frequently glaucous towards the tip; leaves very variable in size and shape, tending to be less lobate toward the tips of the twigs; petioles from almost obsolete in young leaves to several cm. long in older ones, glabrous or minutely papillose-pubescent especially above, canaliculate above, fleshy; blade more or less obovate in outline, up to 45 cm. long or longer and as much as 30 cm. wide, rounded or cuneate basally, acute apically, from subentire or moderately lobed in young leaves to pinnatisect in old leaves, the lobes usually obscurely dentate and acute, normally minutely papillose-pubescent and markedly reticulate below, subglabrous and darker above, the lateral veins prominent; inflorescence commonly 30 cm. long or longer, essentially glabrous; bracts linear-lanceolate, the lower ones as much as 2 or 3 cm. long, the bractlets about 5 mm. long; flowers many, relatively un-attractive; sepals 2, oblong-elliptic, about 1 cm. long, obtuse and abruptly short-acuminate, subglabrous; stamens 12 or more, the filaments very slender, about 3 mm. long, the anthers linear, 6-7 mm. long; ovary 3-4 mm. long, glabrous, the stipe 4-10 mm. long; style as much as 6 mm. long; stigma bilamellate, tomentulose above, the lamellae about 5 mm. long; fruit ellipsoidal, the locule in maturity about 1 cm. long, dehiscent as described for the genus.
More
Branched, firm shrub, 2-6 m; stem terete, with thick, white pith. Leaves petioled, in outline oblong-obovate, or oblong-lanceolate, with acute, blunt, rounded or subcordate base, and acute, serrate-dentate lobes (incised ± halfway the blade), glaucous, short cripsed-hairy underneath, 10-45 by 4-16 cm. Panicles densely branched, pyramidal, 20-60 cm long. Bracts lanceolate, acute, 2-5 mm, the lower ones hairy, upper ones glabrous. Pedicels 1/4-1 cm. Sepals erect, elliptic, blunt-acuminate, green, 8-10 mm long, reticulations red. Stamens 8-10; anthers linear, yellow, longer than the filaments, pendent in anthesis. Style 3-5 mm; stigmas at last recurved, already protruding in bud! Fruit ± 12 by 7 mm, ripening greyish, internally light-yellow, pulpy, smooth, ± ½ cm stipitate. Seed c. 1 by 3-3.5 mm, black, smooth, shiny, hard (crustaceous testa), covered in the lower h with the red, pulpy, plicate aril, hanging out of the mostly erect replum on a 1 mm long funicle; endosperm white; embryo small, basal.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.5 - 5.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Forms dense stands in dry habitats, where it is found at elevations from 300-1,000 metres. Moist thickets or forest, ascending from a little above sea level to about 2,800 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses dye environmental use food dye material medicinal vermicid
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anesthetic (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Cataplasm (unspecified), Caustic (unspecified), Chilblain (unspecified), Collyrium (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Mycosis (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Parasiticide (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Rubefacient (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Aposteme (unspecified), Pediculicide (unspecified), Repellant(Insect) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Bocconia frutescens habit picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Bocconia frutescens habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Bocconia frutescens habit picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Bocconia frutescens leaf picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)
Bocconia frutescens leaf picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Bocconia frutescens leaf picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Bocconia frutescens flower picture by Schnittler Martin (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Bocconia frutescens fruit picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)
Bocconia frutescens fruit picture by Jörg Spörle (cc-by-sa)
Bocconia frutescens fruit picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bocconia frutescens world distribution map, present in Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Honduras, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Réunion, El Salvador, and United States of America

Conservation status

Bocconia frutescens threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316358-2
WFO ID wfo-0000567124
COL ID M8LL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629176
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Bocconia quercifolia Bocconia sinuatifolia Bocconia glauca Bocconia frutescens f. glaucescens Bocconia frutescens f. subtomentosa (l'hér. ex Bocconia subtomentosa 'Hér. ex DC.) L' Bocconia frutescens var. cernua Bocconia frutescens var. subtomentosa l'hér. ex Bocconia frutescens var. glaucescens Bocconia frutescens