Boerhavia repens L.

Anena (en), Punarnava rampant (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia

Characteristics

Annual or perennial, prostrate or straggling herb up to 60 cm. across, with a slender taproot.. Stems fleshy, becoming woody towards the base, glabrous to pubescent, the nodes swollen.. Leaves ovate to narrowly lanceolate, up to 2.5(–4.2)×1.2(–2.4) cm., green, paler beneath, the base cuneate to truncate, the apex acute to rounded, margins sinuate, glabrous to sparsely puberulous beneath.. Inflorescence a simple, axillary, (1–)3–5-flowered cyme on a peduncle up to 1(–1.5) cm. long; branches glabrous to puberulous.. Perianth 1–2.5 mm. long; upper portion white to pale pink, 0.5–1 mm. long.. Stamens (1–)2(–3), included.. Ovary ± 0.5 mm.; style included.. Anthocarp obovoid to ellipsoid, 3–4×1–1.5 mm., 5-ribbed, rounded at the apex, glandular-pubescent.. Fig. 1/7.
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Herbs ephemeral to perennial. Stems prostrate, radiating from taproot, to 50 cm, most parts eglandular-puberulent. Petiole to 1 cm; leaf blade 1-2.5 × 0.4-1.5 cm, abaxially conspicuously pale, base rounded to cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded to subacute. Inflorescences mostly axillary, 2-5-flowered umbels, sometimes gathered into cymes, to 2 cm. Pedicel to 1 mm. Perianth limb white, pink, or pale purple, to 1 mm. Stamens (1 or)2(or 3). Anthocarp clavate, 3-3.5 mm, 5-ribbed, sparsely puberulent, sometimes with ± sessile glands.
Perennial, glandular-hairy herb; stems herbaceous, prostrate from a thickened taproot. Leaves: lamina ovate, 4–23 mm long, usually oblique at base, undulate margin, obtuse or acute at apex; petiole 1–12 mm long. Inflorescence axillary; peduncle 1.5–5 cm long; basic unit a several flowered glomerule; flowers subsessile. Perianth base sparsely glandular-hairy; limb broadly campanulate, c. 1.5 mm long, white. Stamens 4. Fruit ellipsoidal, 2.5–3 mm long; ribs and furrows sparsely glandular hairy.
A herb. It has many branches. The branches appear each year from a thickened rhizome or underground stem. The stems are slender. They are thickened at the nodes. The leaves are in unequal pairs at each node. The leaves are 2 cm long and have glands. The flowers are in clusters or 2-6. They can be white or pink. The fruit are 3-4 mm long.
Leaves 0.5–2.5(4) × 0.15–1.2 cm., ovate to lanceolate, base rounded to truncate, apex obtuse to acute, often mucronate, sparsely puberulous to glabrous, glandular punctate, subsessile or with petioles up to 0.7 cm. long.
Inflorescences cymose or pseudo-umbellate, axillary, often appearing crowded out of axil by axillary shoot, 1 cyme per peduncle; peduncles up to 10 mm. long, slender, glabrescent to glabrous.
Flowers usually 2–4 per cluster sometimes up to 6–7 in cymes towards tips of shoots, more rarely solitary; pedicels to 1.5 mm. long (sometimes longer in fruit), glabrescent to glabrous.
Perianth 1.5–2.5(3) mm. long, glandular-pubescent to glabrescent, lower portion 5-ribbed, upper portion 0.5–1.0 mm. long, campanulate, white, pink or mauve.
Bracteoles 0.5–1.2 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, usually ciliate, glandular-punctate, crisped-puberulous (particularly around margins) to glabrescent.
Prostrate herb. Leaves small, usually shorter than 25 mm. Inflorescences axillary clusters or short cymes up to 25 mm long. Flowers pink.
Anthocarps 3–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm., clavate to fusiform, apex rounded, glandular pubescent; ribs 5, smooth, more or less glabrous.
Stems prostrate, sparingly to much branched, slender, puberulous or pubescent to glabrescent.
Ovary 0.3–0.5 mm. long, glabrous; style 0.6–1.2 mm. long.
Stamens 1–2, subequal, included, 0.6–0.8 mm. long.
Annual herbs with thickened roots.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system rhizome tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Disturbed sandy and rocky localities, often in occasionally inundated areas such as ditches along roadsides, dry river beds, flood plains and irrigated fields; at elevations up to 1,600 metres, occasionally to 1,900 metres.
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On Cocos (Keeling) Islands recorded from both atolls in herbfield and under Argusia shrubs at tops of lagoon and ocean beaches in coralline sand. Recorded for two cays of Ashmore Reef in herbfield in coralline sand.
A tropical plant. It grows throughout the tropics. It can grow in shade of fully exposed in waste lands. It grows in the Sahel in West Africa. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The young leaves are eaten and are also made into curries. The seeds are eaten as a chilled porridge.
Uses animal food food gene source material medicinal poison social use
Edible leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Boerhavia repens leaf picture by Lalu Achmad Tatas (cc-by-sa)
Boerhavia repens leaf picture by Lalu Achmad Tatas (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Boerhavia repens flower picture by Chris Wong (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Boerhavia repens world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Pakistan, Seychelles, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:604264-1
WFO ID wfo-0000568062
COL ID M9SW
BDTFX ID 83750
INPN ID 448088
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Boerhavia insularis Boerhavia sumata Boerhavia surinamensis Boerhavia viscosa Boerhavia maroccana Boerhavia minutiflora Boerhavia polymorpha Boerhavia pubescens Boerhavia repens Boerhavia sessiliflora Boerhavia tomentosa Dantia nubica Boerhavia angustifolia Boerhavia ascendens Boerhavia bicolor Boerhavia cortensis Boerhavia eglandulosa Boerhavia hirsuta Boerhavia periplocifolia Boerhavia rupestris Boerhavia suberosa Boerhavia undulata Boerhavia diffusa var. pseudotetrandra Boerhavia diffusa var. sandwicensis Boerhavia repens var. amphilahensis Boerhavia repens var. maris-indici Boerhavia repens var. minor Boerhavia repens var. procumbens Boerhavia repens var. pubescens Boerhavia diffusa var. gymnocarpa Boerhavia diffusa var. minor