Boscia albitrunca (Burch.) Gilg & Benedict

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Capparaceae > Boscia

Characteristics

Tree or rarely a shrub, up to 7 m high, usually with well-trimmed round or flattened crown. Branches sometimes drooping when young becoming stiff, usually not spinescent. Leaves usually fascicled rarely alternate to subopposite; lamina oblanceolate, elliptic or linear, usually obtuse or abruptly tapering at the apex, mucronulate, usually broadly cuneate at the base, 1.5-5(-8) cm long, 0.3-2.5 cm broad, coriaceous, grey-green, secondary veins hardly visible on both sides, pubescent or glabrous; petiole 0.2-1 cm long, usually pubescent. Sclereids in the mesophyll with poorly differentiated foot, bent or often of irregular shape, rarely reaching the middle of the leaf, often in clusters, usually similarly well developed on both sides of the leaf. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, often with flowers fascicled or almost so; pedicel 0.4-1 cm long, pubescent or glabrous. Bracts setaceous, sometimes trifid, usually pubescent. Sepals elliptic to ovate, 2-3 mm long, pubescent particularly on the margin. Corona a fleshy ring, denticulate. Stamens 6-15; filaments 3-5 mm long, glabrous. Gynophore 2-3 mm long, glabrous. Ovary ovoid with 8 ovules, with indistinct stigma on style c. 1 mm long. Berry spherical or almost so, 0.5-1.2 cm in diameter, smooth, glabrous, yellow, with 1 or 2 seeds with colliculate surface.
More
The appearance of the tree varies in different places. It is a tree. It can be 3-4.5 m tall. The trunk is long and clean. It is white. The crown is neat and dense. In other places the trunks may be dark the the leaves drooping. It can also be a low many stemmed shrub. The leaves are grey-green. They are hard when mature. They are usually 2.5-5 cm long and narrow. They taper at the base and have short thin stalks. The midrib is prominent under the leaf. Mostly the leaves grow in bunches of 4-5 together. The flowers are small and star shaped. They are yellow and have a sweet smell. They are usually on old wood and in the axils of leaves. The fruit is round and smooth. It is usually green then turns light brown. It is acrid and edible.
Small to medium-sized tree, to 7 m, with a rounded crown. Main stem: white or whitish grey; branches stout and crooked. Leaves: clustered, rarely alternate; oblanceolate (20-50 x 6-25 mm); apex rounded, often bristle-tipped, base tapering; leathery, greyish-green, leaf surface similar in colour on both sides; side veins barely visible on both sides; hairy or glabrous; margin entire; petiole usually hairy, 2-8 mm long. Flowers: axillary, in short clusters; small, yellowish green, heavily-scented. Fruit: a hairless round berry, yellowish, 5-12 mm diam. (Dec-Mar).
Tree (or rarely a shrub), up to 7 m high. Crown rounded. Bark smooth, grey to whitish grey. Leaves fascicled, with lateral veins indistinct and similar in colour on both surfaces; blade narrowly obovate to elliptic, 15-80 x 4-20 mm, stiff and leathery. Flowers: in dense clusters on short branchlets; perianth yellowish green; Sep.-Dec. Fruit a berry, 5-12 mm in diameter, glabrous, dull red when mature.
Leaves alternate or fascicled 2–4 together on very reduced side-shoots; lamina 3–5 x 0.7–1.2 cm., coriaceous, oblanceolate or narrowly oblong, apex rounded or retuse or very rarely acute, mucronate, narrowed to a cuneate or narrowly rounded base, puberulous on both sides or glabrescent, midrib prominent beneath, nervation scarcely visible; petiole 1–3 mm. long, puberulous.
Stocky, evergreen tree, up to 7 m tall or rarely shrubby, with conspicuous whitish grey bark. Leaves oblanceolate to elliptic, 15-50 x 4-15 mm, leathery, grey-green on both surfaces. Flowers small, greenish sweetly scented. Fruit a spherical berry, 5-12 mm diam., glabrous, yellow.
Inflorescence of very short, dense, axillary racemes; peduncle almost 0, rachis pubescent; bracteoles 1.5 mm. long, filamentous, pubescent, trifid with the middle lobe longest; pedicels up to 5 mm. long, pubescent.
Sepals 4 x 2.5–3 mm., ovate-oblong, apex subacute, very minutely puberulous outside, pubescent within, densely so at the margins; receptacle disk-like, papillose-fimbriate.
Ovary ovoid, glabrous, with c. 10 ovules on 2 placentas; style 0.5 mm. long, glabrous; stigma subcapitate, scarcely wider than the style.
Much-branched tree up to 10 m. tall; crown dense and rounded; bark smooth and whitish; trunk stout.
Fruit up to 1 cm. in diam., globose, yellowish, glabrous, smooth.
Seed usually single, c. 0.7 cm. in diam., subglobose, rugose.
Stamens 6–14, on glabrous filaments c. 5 mm. long.
Gynophore c. 3 mm. long, glabrous.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 64.1
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It tends to grow in hot places with low rainfall. It is hardy and drought resistant. It grows in places with a rainfall of less than 50 mm per year. It can tolerate frost. It grows between 5-1,850 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It is often on termite mounds.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. They are also used for juice. The roots are boiled and made into syrup. The baked roots have been used for coffee. The dried crushed roots are used for porridge. Flower buds are pickled and used as capers. The seeds are edible. The leaves are eaten raw as a famine food.
Uses animal food bee plant coffee substitute environmental use food food additive invertebrate food material medicinal social use vertebrate poison
Edible flowers fruits leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It grows easily from seed. Seeds are collected from ripe fruit off the tree and then dried in a shady place after all the flesh is removed. Seeds germinate in 7-14 days. Seedlings are then transplanted directly into open ground. It can also be grown from shoot or root cuttings. It can be cut back and will re-grow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Boscia albitrunca leaf picture by Isaac Mashoboko (cc-by-sa)
Boscia albitrunca leaf picture by PercyWarX Videos (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Boscia albitrunca world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, eSwatini, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:146126-1
WFO ID wfo-0000569494
COL ID MLRF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Boscia albitrunca Boscia pechuelii Boscia transvaalensis Capparis albitrunca Capparis punctata

Lower taxons

Boscia albitrunca var. albitrunca