Brachiaria brizantha Stapf

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Brachiaria

Characteristics

Tufted perennial; culms 30–200 cm. high, erect or sometimes geniculately ascending.. Leaf-blades linear to broadly linear, 10–100 cm. long, 3–20 mm. wide.. Inflorescence of (1–)2–16 racemes on an axis 3–20 cm. long; racemes mostly 4–20 cm. long, bearing the spikelets singly, these typically forming a single row; rhachis crescentic in section, ± 1 mm. wide, with narrow inrolled wings, ciliate on the margins.. Spikelets plumply elliptic, 4–6 mm. long, glabrous or sometimes sparsely pubescent, obtuse to subacute with a slight stipe at the base; lower glume 1/3, the length of the spikelet, clasping, acute or obtuse; upper glume cartilaginous, dully shining, separated from the lower by an internode; lower resembling the upper glume; upper lemma granulose, acute.
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Loosely tufted, often robust perennial 300-2000 mm high. Leaf blade 100-400 x 7-20 mm; ligule a fringed membrane. Racemes 25-100 mm long, secund; rachis ±1 mm wide, crescentic in section, with narrow inrolled wings, ciliate on margins; spikelets arranged in a single row or occasionally two rowed near the base; pedicels of equal lengths. Spikelet 4-6 mm long; lower glume less than 1/2 as long as spikelet, deeply concave with edges upturned, separated from upper glume by a short internode, 7-nerved; lower lemma resembles upper glume; upper lemma acute, granulose; anther 2.8-3.3 mm long.
Perennial, loosely tufted (often robust), up to 2 m high. Leaf blades 100-400 mm long, 7-20 mm wide. Spikelets 4-6 mm long. Racemes secund, 25-100 mm long; spikelets arranged in a single row or occasionally with 2 rows near base, pedicels equal; lower glume 7-nerved, less than half the spikelet length, separated from upper glume by a short internode.
A grass. It is stout and rigid and grows 1.3 m high. It forms tussocks. The leaves are long and tapering. They have thick rough edges. There are up to 15 flower heads per stalk. The seed heads have seeds on one side. These heads are 8 cm long. The spikelets are 4-6 mm long.
Inflorescence of (1)2–16 racemes, these mostly 4–20 cm. long, bearing spikelets singly and usually in 1 row; rhachis crescentic in section, c. 1 mm. wide with narrow involute wings, ciliate on the margins.
Inferior glume 1/3 length of spikelet, acute or obtuse, separated from the superior by a short internode; superior glume cartilaginous, dully shining.
Spikelets 4–6 mm. long, glabrous or sometimes sparsely pubescent, obtuse to subacute with a slight stipe at base.
Inferior lemma cartilaginous, dully shining. Superior lemma granulose, subacute.
Culms 30–200 cm. high, erect or sometimes geniculately ascending.
Robust perennial up to about 2 m. high.
Leaf laminae 3–20 mm. wide, flat.
Tufted perennial.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in hot, arid places. It grows in areas with an annual rainfall above 50 mm. It can grow in semi-desert and on terminate mounds. It grows between 50-2,400 m above sea level. It can tolerate shade. It can grow in arid places.
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Roadsides, coral sand; at elevations up to 1,700 metres. Grassland valleys and open woodlands at elevations up to 3,000 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-10

Usage

Seeds are sun dried, winnowed, ground into flour then cooked into a thick porridge.
Uses animal food bee plant environmental use fodder food medicinal ornamental
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 25 - 35
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Brachiaria brizantha unspecified picture

Distribution

Brachiaria brizantha world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:392874-1
WFO ID wfo-0000854060
COL ID 68QCL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 931994
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Panicum brizanthum Brachiaria manzonzeensis Brachiaria brizantha var. angustifolia Panicum brizanthum var. lasiochloa Panicum brizanthum var. latifolium Panicum brizanthum var. pandanifolium Panicum brizanthum var. polystachyum Brachiaria brizantha