Brachiaria serrata Stapf

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Brachiaria

Characteristics

Densely or loosely tufted, rhizomatous perennial, 300-750 mm high; basal sheath silky hairy. Leaves a dense tuft at base or cauline, leaving base bare. Leaf blade 50-250 x 2-10 mm, margins ± cartilaginous, white and usually crinkled; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence of secund racemes, 10-25 mm long, scattered up central axis; rachis < 1 mm wide, solid, triquetrous or crescentic, sometimes narrowly winged; spikelets covering whole length of rachis, arranged in 2 rows; pedicels of equal lengths. Spikelets 2.3-4.5 mm long, dorsiventrally compressed, stipe absent; covered in dense, long, silky, white or purple hairs concentrated at apex; lower glume 1/2 as long as spikelet, not separated from upper glume by an internode, 3-nerved, turned towards rhachis. Florets 2; lower floret male or sterile, lemma acute or rounded, with a short stout mucro or awn up to 1.5 mm long, palea similar; upper floret bisexual, lemma firmer than glumes, indurated, ovate, striate, acute to awned, rugulose, entire, margins only clasping edges of palea; anther 1.0-2.5 mm long. Flowering time Oct.-May.
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Densely or loosely tufted perennial 300-750 mm high; rhizomatous; vegetative parts very variable; basal sheath silky hairy; leaves either a dense basal tuft or cauline, base bare; culm single or profusely branched. Leaf blade 50-250 x 2-10 mm, margins ± cartilaginous, white and usually crinkled; ligule a fringe of hairs. Racemes 10-25 mm long, secund; rachis less than 1 mm wide, solid, triquetrous or crescentic, sometimes narrowly winged; spikelets covering whole length of the rachis, arranged in two rows; pedicels of equal lengths. Spikelet 2.3-4.5 mm long, stipe absent, with dense, long, silky, white, pink to red or purple hairs concentrated at the apex; lower glume 1/2 as long as spikelet, not separated from upper lemma by an internode, 3-nerved; lower lemma acute or rounded, with a short stout mucro or awn up to 1.5 mm long and lower palea similar; upper lemma ovate, striate, acute, rugulose; anther 1.0-2.5 mm long.
Densely tufted perennial, the basal sheaths silky tomentose; culms 20–100 cm. high.. Leaf-blades 5–25 cm. long, 2–10 mm. wide, glabrous to softly pilose, the margins ± cartilaginous.. Inflorescence of 5–15 racemes on an axis 3–15 cm. long; racemes short and compact, 0.5–2 cm. long, bearing the spikelets singly on a triquetrous rhachis beset with a few bristles.. Spikelets ovate-elliptic, 2.3–4.5 mm. long, with a transverse fringe of pink or silvery hairs 1–2.5 mm. long near the apex (rarely the fringe missing), otherwise pubescent, cuspidate to shortly awned, without a stipe; lower glume 1/2 the length of the spikelet, subacute; upper glume thinly cartilaginous, cuspidate; lower lemma similar to the upper glume, but thinly membranous about the midnerve, and acute or with an awn-point up to 1 mm. long; upper lemma ovate, striate, acute.
Perennial; up to 0.75 m high; densely or loosely tufted or rhizomatous; vegetative parts very variable. Culms single or profusely branched. Leaves sometimes in a dense tuft at base or cauline; leaving base bare; with blades 50-250 x 2-10 mm. Flowers: inflorescence subdigitate; racemes secund; 10-25 mm long; pedicels equal; spikelets 2.3-4.5 mm long; in 2 rows; with dense; long; silky; white or purple hairs concentrated at apex; lower lemma and palea extending into a short stout mucro up to 1.5 mm long.
Perennial, tufted (densely or loosely) or rhizomatous, up to 0.75 m high. Vegetative parts very variable; leaves sometimes in a dense tuft at base or cauline, leaving base bare; culms single or profusely branched. Leaf blades 50-250 mm long, 2-10 mm wide. Spikelets 2.3-4.5 mm long. Racemes secund, 10-25 mmlong; spikelets withdense, long, silky, white or purple hairs concentrated at apex; pedicels equal; lower lemma and palea extending into a short stout mucro up to 1 mm long.
Spikelets 2–4.5 mm. long, ovate-elliptic, with a transverse fringe of pink or silver hairs above (rarely the fringe missing) otherwise pubescent, cuspidate to acuminate (rarely obtuse), without a stipe.
Inflorescence of 5–15 racemes, these 0.5–2 cm. long, short and compact, bearing the spikelets in 2 rows on a triquetrous rhachis beset with a few bristles.
Inferior lemma hollowed along the mid-nerve, sometimes obtuse in our area but usually tipped by a subulate awn-point up to 1 mm. long.
Perennial to 75 cm. Leaves linear to lanceolate. Spikelets in short, spike-like branches, with long, silky white or purple hairs.
Inferior glume 1/2 length of spikelet, subacute; superior glume obtuse to acuminate.
Leaf laminae glabrous to softly pilose, the margins ± cartilaginous.
Tufted perennial, the basal sheaths silky tomentose.
Culms 20–100 cm. high, erect or ascending.
Superior lemma striate, acute.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.75
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 5-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Brachiaria serrata unspecified picture

Distribution

Brachiaria serrata world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:393010-1
WFO ID wfo-0000854245
COL ID MSJZ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Brachiaria serrata Panicum serratum Eriochloa purpurascens Panicum brachylophum Panicum gossypinum Tricholaena abbreviata Brachiaria serrata var. gossypina Panicum nigropedatum var. basipiliferum Panicum serratum var. brachylophum Panicum serratum var. gossypinum Panicum serratum var. hirtum Panicum serratum var. holosericeum Brachiaria serrata var. serrata