Brachypodium pinnatum P.Beauv.

Tor grass (en), Brachypode penné (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Brachypodium

Characteristics

Tufted perennials 30-65 cm, spreading by wiry, scale-covered rhizomes. Leaf-sheath rounded, glabrous or with long fine hairs, shortly pubescent at junction with leaf-blade. Ligule 1.4-1.6 mm, truncate, minutely ciliate. Leaf-blade 10-15 cm, c. 3.5 mm wide if flat, or inrolled and 1-1.5 mm diam., rather stiff, finely pointed, abaxially finely scabrid, adaxially with a few scattered hairs; margins finely scabrid. Culm erect, stiff, minutely hairy at, and near nodes, internodes otherwise glabrous. Raceme (3)-6-12 cm, spike-like, with spikelets partly overlapping and often projecting outwards; pedicels minutely pubescent, c. 1 mm. Spikelets 2-3 cm, 7-16-flowered. Glumes linear-lanceolate, acute, firm, glabrous; lower 4-4.6 mm, 3-5-nerved, upper c. 6 mm, 5-7-nerved. Lemma 8-8.5 mm, 5-7-nerved, oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, abaxially smooth, or scabrid on nerves near apex, adaxially scabrid or with minute hairs just below awn base; awn 3.5-4.5 mm. Palea ≈ lemma, oblong, slightly emarginate to obtuse, keels and apex ciliate. Anthers 3.5-5 mm. Caryopsis not seen.
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Perennial with widely spreading slender rhizomes. Culms tufted, 30–40(–120) cm tall, unbranched, 3–8-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pubescent; leaf blades linear, flat, pale green, 5–15(–40) cm, 3–8 mm wide, pubescent or scabrous on both surfaces; ligule 1.5–2.5 mm, margin ciliate. Raceme 5–20 cm, usually erect, spikelets 4–15; pedicels 1–2 mm. Spikelets 1.8–4 cm, subterete, florets 8–24; glumes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3–6-veined, glabrous or thinly pubescent, acute, lower glume 3–5(–6) mm, upper glume 5–7(–8) mm; lemmas oblong-lanceolate, 7–11 mm, pubescent above middle and near margins, prominently 7-veined; awn 1–6 mm. Anthers 3–3.5(–5) mm.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.9
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

Uses environmental use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Brachypodium pinnatum habit picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)
Brachypodium pinnatum habit picture by M.angeles Basurte (cc-by-sa)
Brachypodium pinnatum habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Brachypodium pinnatum leaf picture by Wohlgenannt Florian (cc-by-sa)
Brachypodium pinnatum leaf picture by Gianmarco Antonelli (cc-by-sa)
Brachypodium pinnatum leaf picture by Chiño Alvarez (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Brachypodium pinnatum flower picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)
Brachypodium pinnatum flower picture by Renaud Jégat (cc-by-sa)
Brachypodium pinnatum flower picture by Jordan Galli (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Brachypodium pinnatum fruit picture by Joanna Storr (cc-by-sa)
Brachypodium pinnatum fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Brachypodium pinnatum fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Brachypodium pinnatum world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Switzerland, Chile, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Eritrea, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Montenegro, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:393166-1
WFO ID wfo-0000854513
COL ID MYMG
BDTFX ID 10125
INPN ID 86289
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Brachypodium rupestre f. abbreviatum Brachypodium pinnatum f. leiostachys Agropyron gracile Brachypodium abbreviatum Brachypodium gracile Brachypodium hickelis Brachypodium ponticum Brachypodium rupestre Brachypodium setifolium Bromus corniculatus Bromus fragilis Bromus gracilis Bromus rupestris Festuca barrelieri Festuca genuensis Festuca gracilis Tragus gracilis Triticum bromoides Triticum scaberrimum Bromus cespitosus Brachypodium barrelieri Brachypodium constrictum Brachypodium contractum Brachypodium corniculatum Brachypodium genuense Bromus pinnatus Bromus tigurinus Tragus pinnatus Triticum genuense Brachypodium cespitosum Brachypodium pinnatum f. collinum Brachypodium pinnatum f. gracile Brachypodium pinnatum f. minus Brachypodium pinnatum f. patens Brachypodium tenerum Brachypodium tenorianum Bromus strictus Festuca rupestris Triticum barrelieri Triticum gracile Agropyron pinnatum Festuca pinnata Avena laeta Triticum pinnatum Triticum gracile Brachypodium corniculatum Brachypodium juzepczukii Brachypodium caespitosum var. collinum Brachypodium pinnatum subsp. cespitosum Brachypodium pinnatum subsp. glaucovirens Brachypodium pinnatum subsp. gracile Brachypodium pinnatum subsp. ligulatum Brachypodium pinnatum subsp. rupestre Brachypodium pinnatum var. abbreviatum Brachypodium pinnatum var. caespitosum Brachypodium pinnatum var. collinum Brachypodium pinnatum var. glabratum Brachypodium pinnatum var. glabrescens Brachypodium pinnatum var. glabrum Brachypodium pinnatum var. glomeratum Brachypodium pinnatum var. gracile Brachypodium pinnatum var. ligulatum Brachypodium pinnatum var. megastachyum Brachypodium pinnatum var. minus Brachypodium pinnatum var. pubescens Brachypodium pinnatum var. rupestre Brachypodium pinnatum var. setifolium Brachypodium pinnatum var. villosissimum Brachypodium pinnatum var. villosum Brachypodium rupestre subsp. cespitosum Brachypodium rupestre var. setifolium Brachypodium sylvaticum subsp. gracile Bromus gracilis var. pauper Bromus pinnatus var. gracilis Bromus pinnatus var. tigurinus Triticum pinnatum var. compositum Triticum pinnatum var. hirsutum Triticum pinnatum var. hispidum Brachypodium pinnatum subsp. juzepczukii Brachypodium pinnatum subsp. pinnatum Brachypodium pinnatum var. rupestre Brachypodium pinnatum f. pubescens Brachypodium rupestre f. scholzii Brachypodium intermedium Brachypodium pinnatum