Brachystegia spiciformis Benth.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Brachystegia

Characteristics

Tree 5–25 m. high to stunted treelet of 1–4 m.; young bark smooth, grey to whitish, becoming rough, reticulately or vertically fissured, grey or brownish, shedding slowly in thick rectangular or irregular scales; crown rounded to spreading, flatter with age; foliage spreading to pendulous, maturing dark green, shiny when glabrous.. Stipules free, filiform to linear, 0.5–3 cm. long, usually caducous; auricle 0, or a lateral tooth only, to irregularly reniform or subfoliaceous.. Leaves glabrous to tomentose, with 2–6(–7) pairs of leaflets; petiole (0.5–)1–3(–4) cm. long; rhachis (3–)5–15(–18) cm. long, channelled at least below each pair of leaflets and there provided with stipellar expansions, which are oblong to subfoliaceous, often with free apices (stipels) directed forwards; leaflets (1–)2–8(–10) × (0.5–)1–4(–5) cm., subcircular to narrowly ovate or oblong-elliptic to narrowly obovate, emarginate to acuminate at apex, subsymmetrical to very oblique and cordate to cuneate at base; midrib central to very excentric; basal fanwise nerves (3–)4–5(–6); upper surface maturing reticulate and shining, less with age.. Racemes (very rarely branched) terminal, up to 6 × 4.5 cm., glabrous to tomentose.. Flowers green with white filaments and red anthers; pedicels usually slender, inserted in a close spiral or subverticillate, their scars persistent on the fruiting axis; bracteoles (4–)5–10(–12) × (3–)4–5(–6) mm.. Tepals 0 or l–2(–4), usually unequal and narrow or rudimentary, inserted well apart.. Stamens ± 10; filaments 8–15(–18) mm. long, connate at base; staminal tube (1–)2–7 mm. long, entire or split, usually subequal to or longer than the tepals.. Ovary 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm., ± crispate-setose; style 8–15(–20) mm. long, stigma usually prominent.. Pod thinly woody, up to 16.5(–20) × 4.5(–5.5) cm., smooth, usually maturing mid-brown to yellowish and ± shiny; sutural wings spreading, each 4–8 mm. broad; apical beak exceptionally long.. Figs. 36, 37 (p. 171).
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Tree up to 30 m tall; bark deeply to shallowly fissured longitudinally, often coarsely reticulate or smooth, flaking in thick irregular scales, non-scaly if smooth, dark grey. Branchlets glabrous or pubescent. Leaves (3)5-20 cm long; petioles 1-5 cm long; rachis deeply canaliculate above with raised and winged margins; leaflets in 2-8 contiguous or widely spaced pairs, increasing in size distally; proximal leaflet pairs 1.5-5 x 0.5-2.5 cm, the others 3-20 x 1.5-8 cm, narrowly to broadly ovate, oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, acute, acuminate, rounded, obtuse, retuse or emarginate at the apex, obliquely round, cordate or truncate at the base, midvein central or subcentral, with 3-5 secondary veins from the proximal leaflet base. Stipules 10-40 x 1-4 mm, shortly connate at the base, erect or reflexed, filiform, linear or lanceolate, early caducous; auricles usually present, 5-25 x 1-6.5 mm, reniform to semi-circular, caducous independently of the stipules. Dormant axillary buds globose or ovoid. Inflorescences of terminal and/or axillary racemes up to 8 cm long; bracts 4-5 x 1-2 mm, caducous, ovate to oblong. Flowers 5-8 x 3-5 mm; pedicels 2-8 mm long; bracteoles 5-10 x 3-6 mm, obovate or orbicular. Sepals 0-4, 0.5-3 x 0.5-1.5 mm, linear, linear-lanceolate or rudimentary. Petals absent. Stamens 10, united to 2-7 mm at the base; filaments 10-20 mm long. Ovary 2-5 x 1-2 mm, densely pubescent, up to 7-ovulate, the stipe to 3-6 mm long; style up to 15 mm long. Pods dark brown, 8-15 x 3-5 cm, oblong to obovate; ventral flanges spreading, suberect or revolute. Seeds up to 6, 12-25 x 10-20 mm, oblong to ovoid.
A medium to large tree. It grows 8-15 m high. The branches twist and curve. The leaves hang downwards. They are dark green a and shiny. The leaflets are usually in 4 pairs. The pair of leaflets at the end are the largest. The leaflets are 2.5-8 cm long by 1-4.5 cm wide. They taper towards the tip. The base is unequal. The flowers are small and greenish. They grow in short dense spikes at the ends of branches. These are 3-6 cm long. The fruit are large woody pods. They are flattened and 14 cm long. They are dark brown and smooth when mature. The split open explosively.
Leaves (3)5–20 cm long; petioles 1–5 cm long; rachis deeply canaliculate above with raised and winged margins; leaflets in 2–8 contiguous or widely spaced pairs, increasing in size distally; proximal leaflet pairs 1.5–5 × 0.5– 2.5 cm, the others 3–20 × 1.5–8 cm, narrowly to broadly ovate, oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, acute, acuminate, rounded, obtuse, retuse or emarginate at the apex, obliquely round, cordate or truncate at the base, midvein central or subcentral, with 3–5 secondary veins from the proximal leaflet base.
Stipules 10–40 × 1–4 mm, shortly connate at the base, erect or reflexed, filiform, linear or lanceolate, early caducous; auricles usually present, 5–25 × 1–6.5 mm, reniform to semi-circular, caducous independently of the stipules.
Tree up to 30 m tall; bark deeply to shallowly fissured longitudinally, often coarsely reticulate or smooth, flaking in thick irregular scales, non-scaly if smooth, dark grey.
Inflorescences of terminal and/or axillary racemes up to 8 cm long; bracts 4–5 × 1–2 mm, caducous, ovate to oblong.
Ovary 2–5 × 1–2 mm, densely pubescent, up to 7-ovulate, the stipe to 3–6 mm long; style up to 15 mm long.
Pods dark brown, 8–15 × 3–5 cm, oblong to obovate; ventral flanges spreading, suberect or revolute.
Flowers 5–8 × 3–5 mm; pedicels 2–8 mm long; bracteoles 5–10 × 3–6 mm, obovate or orbicular.
Sepals 0–4, 0.5–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm, linear, linear-lanceolate or rudimentary.
Stamens 10, united to 2–7 mm at the base; filaments 10–20 mm long.
Seeds up to 6, 12–25 × 10–20 mm, oblong to ovoid.
Dormant axillary buds globose or ovoid.
Branchlets glabrous or pubescent.
Petals absent.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 3.1
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In a variety of habitats from coastal to upland, generally in deciduous woodlands and open forest, on hill slopes and river banks at elevations of 50-2000 metres. Freely draining gravel escarpments and near streamsides in rainforests.
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A tropical plant. It grows in open deciduous forest. It tolerates a wide range of soil types. In Zimbabwe it grows between 1,060-2,000 m above sea level. In Brisbane Botanical Gardens.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The seed are dried and boiled then eaten.
Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use fiber fodder food fuel gene source material medicinal ornamental tea timber wood
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Antiseptic (unspecified), Wound (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Seed germinate easily. Seedlings are hard to transplant.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Brachystegia spiciformis unspecified picture

Distribution

Brachystegia spiciformis world distribution map, present in Angola, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Brachystegia spiciformis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:482255-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213969
COL ID N25G
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Brachystegia itoliensis Brachystegia bragaei Brachystegia edulis Brachystegia euryphylla Brachystegia hockii Brachystegia oliveri Brachystegia randii Brachystegia taubertiana Brachystegia trijuga Brachystegia venosa Brachystegia mpalensis Brachystegia spiciformis

Lower taxons

Brachystegia spiciformis var. latifoliolata Brachystegia spiciformis var. mpalensis Brachystegia spiciformis var. kwangensis Brachystegia spiciformis var. schmitzii Brachystegia spiciformis var. spiciformis