Brachystegia Benth.

Genus

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae

Characteristics

Trees (but see note below). Leaves paripinnate, stipulate (see note below); leaflets sessile, very diverse in number, size and shape, normally opposite, in 2–72 pairs, usually furnished with highly variable, often obscure translucent dots. Racemes simple or paniculate, usually terminal, rarely lateral on older branchlets. Flowers ± zygomorphic, completely enclosed in bud by 2 opposite valvate bracteoles which persist during flowering. Tepals 0 or 1–10(–11), much shorter than the bracteoles, free or with 2–3 partly united, imbricate, valvate or open in aestivation; either all sepaloid and grading in size and shape from broad to narrow, or variously differentiated into two whorls, or (in 1, B. spiciformis) minute to rudimentary or 0; outer whorl usually 4–6, relatively broad, subequal to very unequal, usually ciliate; inner whorl, when distinguishable, 1–3(–5), narrow, often non-ciliate. Stamens usually 10, all fertile (abnormally 9 or 11), or (in 8, B. stipulata only) 13–18 all fertile (or sometimes, with staminodes, totalling ± 20), alternately long and short, free or shortly united, often obscurely diadelphous; filaments or tube continuous externally with the margin of the very short cupular or turbinate hypanthium; mouth of hypanthium with or without a disc formed of obvious or obscure internal glandular swellings. Ovary oblong or naviculiform, stipitate; stipe shorter than or subequal to the ovary, inserted centrally or subcentrally in, and usually closely invested at the extreme base by (but free from) the shorter hypanthium; style long; stigma small, subcapitate; ovules (4–)5–10. Pod flat, woody, soon glabrous, oblong or naviculiform, beaked at apex, dehiscing elastically, the valves becoming spirally twisted; adaxial suture with a flange-like wing on each side, sometimes also a longitudinal nerve near this suture on each valve. Seeds compressed, without areoles, with a hard testa, subsessile.
More
Trees, shrubs or suffrutices producing annual shoots from a woody rootstock, 0.25–45 m tall, sometimes low-branching; trunk sometimes buttressed to 1.5 m high; bark deeply to shallowly fissured longitudinally and coarsely reticulate, or smooth, flaking in irregular to rectangular, thick or thin scales.
Inflorescences of terminal and/or axillary panicles or racemes up to 150 mm long; bracts 2–6 × 1–5 mm. Flowers 3–15 × 2–10 mm; bracteoles 4–20 × 2–12 mm; perianth comprising greatly reduced sepals and rudimentary petals, or petals lacking altogether.
Stipules intrapetiolar, free, shortly connate at base or partially to fully fused; persistent to early-caducous; lamina 2–45 × 0.2–10 mm; auricles 1–35 × 0.5–15 mm if present, lateral or basal, persistent or caducous independently of the stipules.
Leaves paripinnate, 15–350 mm long; petioles 2–70 mm long including a 2–8 mm long pulvinus; rachis deeply or shallowly canaliculate above; leaflets in 2–72 pairs, sessile or with petiolules 3–7 mm long.
Pods 45–300 × 15–80 mm, oblong to obovate, ventral flanges suberect, spreading, revolute or absent, epicarp smooth, endocarp dull to reddish brown, spongy around the seeds.
Hypanthium present, shortly cupular or cylindrical at the base, turbinate above, up to 1.5 mm from base to point of insertion of sepals.
Stamens 10–18(20), connate at base for 0.5–7 mm, clearly exserted above the bracteoles, anthers dorsifixed.
Sepals 0–8, 1–8 × 0.5–3 mm, imbricate, valvate or widely spaced.
Axillary dormant buds ovoid to globose or much flattened.
Seeds up to 11 per pod, 12–30 × 10–25 mm, much flattened.
Ovary 2–10 × 1.5–3 mm, stipitate, stipe 1.5–5 mm long.
Petals rudimentary, 0–6, 0.3–7 × 0.2–1.5, filiform.
Life form annual
Growth form tree
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 45.0
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Environment

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Usage

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Edible -
Therapeutic use -
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Cultivation

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