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Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn.

California brome (en), Brome de Sitka (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Bromus

Characteristics

Coarse, tufted, rather short-lived perennial 3–12 dm, often fl the first season, glabrous or hairy; blades flat and broad, 3–9 mm wide; ligule 1–3(–4) mm; panicles 10–20+ cm, loosely contracted, often nodding; spikelets 20–30(–40) mm, 5–10-fld, strongly compressed; glumes lanceolate, acute, strongly keeled, the first 7–11 mm, 3-or 5-veined, the second 9–13 mm, 5-or 7-veined; lemmas 11–15(–17) mm, keeled, ca 7-veined, soon spreading and exposing the elongate (2.5–5 mm) joints of the rachilla; awns (3–)4–(–8) mm; palea nearly as long as the lemma; 2n=28, 42, 56, 70. Moist open places; native to the w. cordillera, and casually intr. e. to Io. and Ill. (B. marginatus)
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Annual. Culms erect, 40–50 cm tall or more, glabrous. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pubescent near mouth; leaf blades flat, 20–30 cm × 5–10 mm, apex acuminate. Panicle open, 15–30 cm; branches long, spreading or drooping. Spikelets linear-lanceolate, laterally compressed, 30–40 mm, florets 5–11, lax; glumes lanceolate, 3–5-veined, apex acuminate, upper glume shorter than lower lemma, 5–7-veined; lemma 15–17 mm, compressed to keel, back scabrid, awn apical, 4(–10) mm; palea subequal to lemma; anthers ca. 0.5 mm. 2n = 56.
A grass. It can grow for one or two years. It grows 1 m tall. The leaf blades are flat and 25 cm long by 6 mm wide. The flower panicle is 25 cm long with spreading or drooping branches.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.78 - 0.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.85
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Various habitats from moist woods to dry open meadows or sagebrush covered hills, sometimes to the timber line. Found naturalized along the Thames at Kew and Oxford.
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It is a temperate plant. It can survive summer droughts without irrigation.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-4
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The seeds are eaten.
Uses animal food environmental use fodder forage medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Poison (fruit)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) 10 - 18
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Bromus carinatus flower picture by Andrzej Pasierbinski (cc-by-sa)
Bromus carinatus flower picture by Andrzej Pasierbinski (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bromus carinatus world distribution map, present in Austria, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Germany, France, Guatemala, Honduras, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30065892-2
WFO ID wfo-0000855335
COL ID NCVX
BDTFX ID 10620
INPN ID 86562
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Bromus californicus Bromus carinatus Bromus compressus Bromus hookerianus Bromus nitens Bromus subvelutinus Bromus virens Ceratochloa carinata Bromus luzonensis Trisetum luzonense Bromus laciniatus Bromus oregonus Bromus pendulinus Bromus schaffneri Ceratochloa laciniata Stipa virletii Triticum luzonense Trisetum luzonensis Ceratochloa grandiflora Bromus carinatus var. californicus Bromus carinatus var. densus Bromus carinatus var. hookerianus Bromus carinatus var. linearis Bromus hookeri var. pendulinus Bromus hookeri var. schaffneri Bromus proximus var. schlechtendalii Ceratochloa carinata var. hookerianus Festuca pendulina Bromus hookeri var. schlechtendalii Bromus virens var. minor Bromus carinatus var. carinatus
WorldFloraDB 2024