Bromus japonicus Thunb.

Brome du Japon (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Bromus

Characteristics

Annual. Culms erect, 40–90 cm tall. Leaf sheaths pubescent; leaf blades 12–30 cm × 4–8 mm, both surfaces pubescent; ligule 1–2.5 mm. Panicle effuse, 20–30 × 5–10 cm, nodding; branches 2–8, 5–10 cm, slender, each bearing 1–4 spikelets. Spikelets lanceolate-oblong, 12–20 × ca. 5 mm, yellowish green, florets 7–11, closely overlapping; rachilla internodes shortly clavate, ca. 2 mm; glumes subequal, keel scabrid, margins membranous, lower glume 5–7 mm, 3–5-veined, upper glume 5–7.5 mm, 7–9-veined; lemmas elliptic, 8–10 × ca. 2 mm in side view, herbaceous, 9-veined, usually glabrous, margins membranous with conspicuous angle at maturity, scabrid, apex obtuse, minutely 2-toothed, awned from 1–2 mm below apex; awn 5–10 mm, longer on upper lemmas than lower lemmas, base slightly flattened, conspicuously recurved at maturity; palea shorter than lemma, ca. 1 mm wide, keels stiffly ciliate. Anthers ca. 1 mm. Caryopsis 7–8 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Jul. 2n = 14.
More
Much like no. 16 [Bromus commutatus Schrad.], and apparently passing into it, but the panicle avg a little larger, and with slender, flexuous, spreading to drooping branches; spikelets (13–) 15–30 mm; lemmas (6–)7.5–9 mm, 1.2–2.2 mm wide in side view; awns 7–12 mm, flexuous or recurved-divergent, the longest ones of a spikelet more than twice as long as that of the lowest lemma; palea 1–2.5 mm shorter than the lemma; 2n=14. Native of the Old World, intr. as a weed in waste places from N.H. and Vt. to Ga., w. to the Pacific.
An annual grass. It grows 50-90 cm high. The leaf blades are 20 cm long by 2-5 mm wide. The flowers are green. The flower panicle is 6-20 cm long and open and spreading.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.45 - 0.8
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in warm temperate arid areas. It grows on sandy soils. In China it grows from sea level to 2,500 m above sea level. It grows in wetlands. Tasmanian Herbarium.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Fruit

Bromus japonicus fruit picture by Alain Chanu (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bromus japonicus world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Åland Islands, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Montenegro, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Singapore, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:927275-1
WFO ID wfo-0000855802
COL ID ND3V
BDTFX ID 75000
INPN ID 86643
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Bromus x karlobagensis Bromus abolinii Bromus chiapporianus Bromus cyri Bromus japonicus Bromus pendulus Bromus phrygius Bromus subsquarrosus Bromus ugamicus Forasaccus patulus Bromus patulus Bromus annuus Bromus barobalianus Bromus chapprianus Bromus japonicus f. bosnensis Bromus japonicus f. luxurians Bromus japonicus f. tenuis Bromus japonicus f. variegatus Bromus japonicus f. zomboriensis Bromus regnii Bromus villiferus Serrafalcus chiapporianus Serrafalcus japonicus Bromus kochii Serrafalcus patulus Bromus arvensis var. japonicus Bromus erectus var. aequifolius Bromus japonicus subsp. phrygius Bromus japonicus subsp. sooi Bromus japonicus subsp. subsquarrosus Bromus japonicus var. breviramosus Bromus japonicus var. chiapporianus Bromus japonicus var. glabriglumis Bromus japonicus var. grandis Bromus japonicus var. grossus Bromus japonicus var. incanus Bromus japonicus var. laxus Bromus japonicus var. multiflorus Bromus japonicus var. pendulus Bromus japonicus var. phrygius Bromus japonicus var. porrectus Bromus japonicus var. rapaicsii Bromus japonicus var. sooi Bromus japonicus var. tenuis Bromus japonicus var. transsylvanicus Bromus japonicus var. umbrosus Bromus japonicus var. variegatus Bromus japonicus var. velutinus Bromus japonicus var. zomboriensis Bromus patulus var. grandis Bromus patulus var. grossus Bromus patulus var. luxurians Bromus patulus var. micostachya Bromus patulus var. microstachyus Bromus patulus var. polymorphus Bromus patulus var. subsquarrosus Bromus patulus var. transsylvanicus Bromus patulus var. variegatus Bromus patulus var. velutinus Bromus patulus var. vllosus Bromus squarrosus var. cyrii Bromus squarrosus var. patulus Bromus vestitus var. minor Bromus vestitus var. purpurascens Bromus arvensis var. patulus Bromus hirtus Bromus unilateralis

Lower taxons

Bromus japonicus subsp. anatolicus Bromus japonicus var. japonicus Bromus japonicus var. chiapporianus Bromus japonicus subsp. japonicus