Bromus racemosus L.

Bald brome (en), Brome en grappe (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Bromus

Characteristics

Annuals or biennials, 12-50 cm, loosely tufted or consisting of a solitary culm. Leaf-sheath villous, with soft spreading hairs; upper sheaths with shorter, ± appressed hairs. Ligule 0.5-1 mm, denticulate. Leaf-blade 3-10 cm × 1.5-2.5 mm, pubescent; margins scabrid near acute tip. Culm 8-30 cm, erect, internodes pubescent. Panicle 4-6.5 cm, erect to later sometimes nodding, usually ± contracted; branches scabrid, some > spikelets. Spikelets 1.5-2 cm, 5-10-flowered, ovate-to elliptic-lanceolate, pale green. Glumes unequal, acute, firmly membranous to chartaceous, smooth, but scabrid on keel; lower 5-6.5 mm, 3-(5)-nerved, oblong-lanceolate, upper 6-8 mm, 5-7-nerved, ovate to elliptic. Lemma 7.5-9 mm, rather obscurely 7-9-nerved, rounded, firmly chartaceous, elliptic to ± obovate, very minutely scabrid especially in upper ½; margins flat, overlapping; apex very slightly emarginate; awn from just below apex, straight, 6-8 mm. Palea slightly < lemma, keels sparsely long-ciliate, flanks glabrous. Callus glabrous. Rachilla c. 1 mm, minutely scabrid. Anthers 1-1.5-(2) mm. Caryopsis not seen.
More
Annual, caespitose. Culms 20–130 cm high. Leaves: basal sheaths pubescent to pilose; blade 5.5–17 cm long, 2–4 mm wide, pubescent to pilose. Panicles erect, contracted, 6–33.5 cm long; primary branches spreading. Spikelets erect, narrowly ovate or oblong, 10.5–20 mm long, with 5–9 bisexual florets; pedicel 3–70 mm long. Glumes unequal, keeled, with midnerve apically scaberulous to scabrous and intercostal regions glabrous; lower glume 4–5.8 mm long, 3–5-nerved; upper glume 5.2–7 mm long, 7-nerved. Callus blunt, glabrous. Basal lemma slightly laterally compressed, 6.6–8.3 mm long, with margins not tightly incurved, ±dorsally rounded, 7–9-nerved, glabrous; awn subapical, arising 0.7–1.1 mm below lemma tip, 3.5–6.5 mm long, straight (awns in upper florets sometimes slightly curved), entered by 1 or 3 nerves. Palea slightly shorter than lemma, glabrous. Anthers 1.5–2 mm long.
Annual. Culms slender, loosely tufted, erect or ascending, 25–80(–100) cm tall, glabrous or pubescent, 2–5-noded. Leaf sheaths hairy toward base, upper sheaths sparsely hairy or glabrous; leaf blades 5–30 cm × 2–8 mm, pubescent; ligule 1–3 mm. Panicle erect, narrow, 12–15 × 2–4 cm, sometimes nodding at maturity; branches 2–6 per node, lowest up to 6 cm, each bearing 1–4 spikelets. Spikelets oblong, slightly compressed, 12–20 × 4–6 mm, florets 5–10, overlapping; glumes unequal, apex acuminate, lower glume 4–6 mm, 3-veined, upper glume 4.5–7 mm, 5–7-veined; lemmas elliptic, 6–10 × 2–2.5 mm in side view, scabrid, 7–9-veined, apex obtuse, awned from ca. 1 mm below apex; awn 3–9 mm, straight; palea shorter than lemma. Anthers 1.5–3 mm. Caryopsis thin, flat, ca. 7 × 2 mm, slightly shorter than palea. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 14, 28, 56.
Annual 3–10 dm, the culms usually glabrous; lower sheaths evidently hairy, the upper less so or glabrous; panicle 5–15 cm, narrow, erect or eventually nodding, with erect or strongly ascending branches; spikelets 10–15 mm, 4–10-fld; first glume 4–6 mm, the second 4–7 mm; lemmas 6.5–8 mm, elliptic or narrowly oblanceolate, rounded to a hooded tip; awn 5–9 mm, straight; palea slightly shorter than the lemma; rachilla-joints mostly 1–1.5 mm; anthers 1.5–3 mm; 2n=28. Native of Europe, occasionally intr. in disturbed sites in our range, w. to the Pacific.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.23 - 1.05
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In disturbed, often swampy ground. 
Light -
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Bromus racemosus leaf picture by enrico.latini (cc-by-sa)
Bromus racemosus leaf picture by Dimitri f79 (cc-by-sa)
Bromus racemosus leaf picture by Aurélie Mutel (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Bromus racemosus flower picture by Olive Prov (cc-by-sa)
Bromus racemosus flower picture by Hans van den Heuvel (cc-by-sa)
Bromus racemosus flower picture by Colorado Natural (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Bromus racemosus fruit picture by Leclère Rodriguez Luis Leclère Rodriguez (cc-by-sa)
Bromus racemosus fruit picture by Pagani Edgardo (cc-by-sa)
Bromus racemosus fruit picture by Gérard Cattagni (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bromus racemosus world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Åland Islands, Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:394050-1
WFO ID wfo-0000856306
COL ID NDBM
BDTFX ID 11030
INPN ID 86732
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Bromus multiflorus Forasaccus racemosus Serrafalcus velutinus Bromus supernovus Bromus agrarius Michelaria hirsuta Bromus hordeaceus f. leiostachys Bromus hordeaceus f. leptostachys Bromus leptostachyus Bromus mollis f. leiostachys Bromus mollis f. leptostachys Bromus racemosus f. brachystachys Serrafalcus racemosus Bromus lusitanicus Bromus arduennensis var. hirsutus Bromus arvensis var. racemosus Bromus elongatus var. pubescens Bromus hordeaceus var. glabrescens Bromus hordeaceus var. leptostachys Bromus hordeaceus var. racemosus Bromus mollis var. glabrescens Bromus mollis var. leiostachys Bromus mollis var. leptostachys Bromus mollis var. racemosus Bromus racemosus var. brachystachys Bromus racemosus var. major Bromus racemosus var. monostachys Bromus racemosus var. pratensis Bromus racemosus var. pratorum Bromus racemosus var. ramosus Bromus racemosus var. simplex Bromus racemosus var. submuticus Bromus racemosus var. subpaniculatus Bromus racemosus var. subsecalinus Bromus racemosus var. tenuis Bromus squarrosus var. racemosus Bromus racemosus subsp. lusitanicus Bromus racemosus f. pratorum Bromus tuzsonii Bromus racemosus