Bromus squarrosus L.

Rough brome (en), Brome raboteux (fr), Brome squarreux (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Bromus

Characteristics

Annual. Culms erect or geniculately ascending, 20–60 cm tall, 3–4(–5)-noded. Leaf sheaths pubescent; leaf blades flat, up to 15 cm × 2–5 mm, pubescent; ligule ca. 1 mm. Panicle lax, (5–)20 × 4–6 cm, usually 1-sided; branches few, shorter than or equaling spikelets, each bearing 1 or 2 pendent spikelets. Spikelets ovate, upper part gradually narrowed, (15–)20–50 × 5–15 mm, florets (6–)10–25; rachilla ca. 2 mm, smooth or scabrid; glumes oblong to elliptic, margins membranous, glabrous, lower glume 5–7 mm, 5-veined, apex acuminate, upper glume 6–8 mm, 9-veined, apex obtuse; lemmas obovate, 8–11 × (2–)3–6 mm in side view, 9-veined, glabrous or pubescent, margins white-membranous and angled near halfway point, apex entire or shallowly 2-toothed, awned from sinus ca. 2 mm below apex; awn 7–12 mm, longer on upper lemmas than lower lemmas, base flattened, slightly twisted, divaricate at maturity; palea 1/3 length of lemma, keels stiffly ciliate. Anthers 1–1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Jul. 2n = 14.
More
Annual 2–6 dm; culms glabrous; sheaths and blades softly villous, the latter 3–6 mm wide; ligule 1–2 mm; infl to 20 cm, very lax, tending to be secund, subracemose and often with few spikelets, these broadly oblong or broadly lance-ovate, 22–34 × 6–10 mm, somewhat compressed, 8–30-fld, glabrous or occasionally hairy, often longer than their pedicels; glumes broad, obtuse or acutish, several-veined, the first 4.5–7 mm, the second 6–9 mm; lemmas 8–11 mm, several-veined, at least the larger ones 2.5–3.5 mm wide in side view and with a prominently angled shoulder near the middle of the broadly hyaline-scarious margin, the terminal teeth mostly 2–3 mm; awns of the upper lemmas 5–12 mm, usually divergent, those of the lower lemmas often shorter; palea evidently shorter than the lemma; anthers 1–1.2 mm; 2n=14. Native of Europe, occasionally intr. in waste places in our range.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Bromus squarrosus habit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Bromus squarrosus flower picture by Fernández Ana (cc-by-sa)
Bromus squarrosus flower picture by Luca Borghesio (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Bromus squarrosus fruit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)
Bromus squarrosus fruit picture by Alexander Baransky (cc-by-sa)
Bromus squarrosus fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bromus squarrosus world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Algeria, Spain, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Greece, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Montenegro, Palau, Romania, Russian Federation, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:394125-1
WFO ID wfo-0000856539
COL ID NDDV
BDTFX ID 11146
INPN ID 86761
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Bromus littoralis Bromus megastachys Bromus noeanus Bromus valdefissus Bromus villosus Forasaccus squarrosus Bromus wolgensis Bromus briziformis Bromus coloratus Bromus squarrosus f. grandistachys Bromus squarrosus f. pauciflorus Bromus squarrosus f. uberrimus Bromus stribrnyi Bromus balsiensis Serrafalcus mollissimus Serrafalcus squarrosus Bromus leptostachys Bromus japonicus var. paniculatus Bromus patulus var. squarrosus Bromus squarrosus subsp. danubialis Bromus squarrosus var. australis Bromus squarrosus var. balsiensis Bromus squarrosus var. danthoniae Bromus squarrosus var. exilis Bromus squarrosus var. gomboczii Bromus squarrosus var. grandistachys Bromus squarrosus var. inermedius Bromus squarrosus var. megastachyus Bromus squarrosus var. megastachys Bromus squarrosus var. multiflorus Bromus squarrosus var. nanus Bromus squarrosus var. paniculatus Bromus squarrosus var. parviflorus Bromus squarrosus var. puberulus Bromus squarrosus var. pubescens Bromus squarrosus var. simplex Bromus squarrosus var. uberrimus Bromus squarrosus var. velutinus Bromus squarrosus var. villosus Bromus squarrosus var. wolgensis Serrafalcus squarrosus var. australis Bromus squarrosus subsp. noeanus Bromus japonicus subsp. noeanus Bromus squarrosus subsp. consimilis Bromus volgensis Bromus squarrosus