Brosimum alicastrum Sw.

Breadnut (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Brosimum

Characteristics

Trees to about 30 m. tall, the young branches slender, grayish brown, glabrous or essentially so. Leaves oval to oblong-elliptic, obtuse to shortly subcuspidate-acuminate at the tip, broadly obtuse to rounded at the base, 5-15 cm. long, 2-6 cm. broad, with about 12-18 pairs of slender veins, firmly membranaceous, glabrous, the petioles about 5-7 mm. long; stipules almost fully amplexicaul, about 5 mm. long. Inflorescences subglobose, monoecious or dioecious, 3-6 mm. in diameter at anthesis, the peduncle slender, about as long as the heads or somewhat shorter. Staminate flowers with a very indefinite vestigial perianth; stamen 1, the anther circular,
More
A large evergreen tree. It grows to 25-30 m high. It has a dense wide crown of leaves. It has narrow buttresses. The bark is grey. The leaves are simple and dark green. They are 17 cm long by 6 cm wide. There can be teeth along the edge and often the edge is wavy. The flowers are in a round head. Most are male with a female flowers in the centre. The fruit is small, round and golden orange. The tree has small roundish yellow or brown seeds about 2 cm across. They occur singly or sometimes two in a thin paper-like shell. It has a smooth but granular surface.
Trees , to 30 m. Branchlets gray-brown, glabrous. Leaves: stipules clasping, ca. 4 mm; petiole 0.5-0.7 cm. Leaf blade 5-15 × 2-6 cm, base broadly obtuse to rounded, apex obtuse to short-acuminate, nearly cuspidate; surfaces abaxially and adaxially glabrous; veins 12-18 pairs. Inflorescences nearly globose, 3-6 mm diam.; peduncle slender, equal to or shorter than head. Staminate flowers: anther ca. 1 mm diam. Pistillate flowers: style 1.5-8.5 mm; stigmas 0.2-8 mm, unequal. Syncarps yellow, 1.5-2 cm diam.
centrally peltate and dehiscing circumscissilly, about 1 mm. in diameter. Fruit about 1.5 cm. in diameter.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.75
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to Central America. It is suited to tropical lowland areas. It is best in a humid climate with a seasonal dry period. It is drought resistant. It can grow on shallow limestone soils. It can tolerate occasional flooding. In Costa Rica it grows to 1,000 m altitude.
More
A canopy tree in seasonally flooded or dry limestone woodland. Moist or wet forest, ascending to about 1,000 metres but mostly at 300 metres or less in Guatemala.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The chestnut like seeds are eaten but only after cooking by roasting or boiling. They are also ground and mixed with corn in tortillas. They are made into a drink with milk and sugar. The seeds are also used for a coffee like drink. The latex from the tree is used as a drink. The young shoots and leaves are edible. The fruit are also ground and then made into flat bread. They are also boiled and eaten with fish.
Uses animal food coffee substitute drinks experimental purposes fodder food forage gum leaf vegetable material medicinal rubber wood
Edible fruits leaves saps seeds
Therapeutic use Asthma (unspecified), Cancer(Uterus) (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Coffee (unspecified), Galactogogue (unspecified), Lactagogue (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from seeds or greenwood cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Brosimum alicastrum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Brosimum alicastrum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Brosimum alicastrum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Brosimum alicastrum fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Brosimum alicastrum fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Brosimum alicastrum fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Brosimum alicastrum world distribution map, present in Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Trinidad and Tobago, and United States of America

Conservation status

Brosimum alicastrum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:850824-1
WFO ID wfo-0000572378
COL ID NDZW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629203
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Piratinera terrabana Piratinera alicastrum Brosimum alicastrum Brosimum terrabanum Ficus faginea Helicostylis ojoche Brosimum conzattii Brosimum gentlei Alicastrum brownei Urostigma fagineum Brosimum alicastrum subsp. alicastrum

Lower taxons

Brosimum alicastrum subsp. bolivarense