Brucea antidysenterica J.F.Mill.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Simaroubaceae > Brucea

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree to 10(–15) m; bark of older stems smooth, grey to pale brown; young stems covered with ferruginous pubescence.. Leaves 10–65 cm long, ferruginous pubescent (rarely almost glabrous); lateral leaflets in 2–6 pairs, narrowly oblong to narrowly ovate, 3–18 cm long, 1.5–8 cm wide, becoming somewhat smaller towards the leaf-base, acute to shortly acuminate at apex, asymmetric and rounded at base, margins entire to shallowly repand, gland dots near margin not always clearly visible; leaflets subsessile (usually more so towards the leaf apex) or with petiolules up to 10 mm, terminal petiolules 6–35 mm.. Inflorescence 5–36 cm long, spiciform, polygamous, axis ferruginous pubescent; male and female/hermaphrodite flowers on separate inflorescences, in distant glomerules.. Sepals 4(–5), oblong to ovate, 2–3 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, acute, pubescent inside and outside.. Petals 4(–5), oblong to ovate, 1.5–3 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, pubescent outside, sometimes inside.. Stamens 4(–5), 1–1.25 mm long in male flowers, glabrous; anthers ovate elliptic, 0.5–0.75 mm long.. Disc 1–1.25 mm in diameter.. Gynoecium of 4–5 free carpels, 1–2.5 mm tall, 1–3 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent; stigmas 1 mm long, free, reflexed back and outwards in cruciform pattern.. Infructescence (4–)7–40 cm long.. Fruits of 1–4 mericarps on fruiting pedicels 1–8 mm long; mericarps ellipsoid, 9–14 mm long, 6–8 mm wide, acute at apex, glabrous, red; sarcocarp thin; endocarp reticulately wrinkled, hard.. Seed 8–9 mm long, 5–6 mm wide.. Fig. 3.
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A shrub or small tree. It only has a few branches. It grows about 6-9 m tall. The bark is grey and there are heart shaped leaf scars. The leaves are alternate and usually crowded near the ends of the younger twigs. The leaves are 10-65 cm long and compound. They have 2-6 pairs of leaflets along the stalk and one at the end. The flowering shoots are 5-35 cm long. The male and female flowers are separate on separate flowering shoots. The flowers are very small and green.
Leaves 15–60 cm. long, with 3–5 pairs of leaflets, pubescent above and below, most densely so on the nerves below, rarely almost glabrous; petiole 8–15 cm. long; leaflet-laminas 4–13 × 2–6 cm., oblong to narrowly ovate, ± opposite, apex subacute, margins entire to shallowly repand, base asymmetric truncate to cuneate; petiolules up to 5 mm. long.
Inflorescences 12–35 cm. long, andromonoecious, of spiciform panicles bearing distant glomerules (or rarely short spiciform racemes) along the main axis, axillary, borne towards the end of the young shoots, pubescent; bracts subulate, pubescent.
Gynoecium (absent in the male flowers) in the bisexual flowers consisting of ± free, ovoid, usually glabrous carpels pressed together at first with the stigmas bent outwards in a cruciform arrangement.
Shrub or small tree to 5 m. tall; young twigs stout, pubescent, older twigs with roughly triangular leaf-scars 5–10 × 4–9 mm.; pubescence golden-brown.
Fruit developing from 1–4 of the carpels in each flower and consisting of red ovoid drupaceous mericarps c. 10 × 6 mm. acute at the apex.
Petals up to 2 mm. long, similar to the sepals, pubescent at least outside.
Sepals c. 1 mm. long, ovate, pubescent at least outside.
Stamens c. 1 mm. long; filaments glabrous.
Disk pulviniform, margin 4-lobed.
Flowers not opening widely.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In the lower storeys of evergreen forest and often as secondary growth in deforested areas or at forest edges. Montane forests, forest margins and secondary vegetation, most frequently at elevations of 1,750-2,500 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows as an understorey plant in the rainforest. It suits humid locations. In Malawi it grows between 1,400-2,800 m altitude. It continues growing in the dry season.
Light 1-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The bark is used as a bitter flavouring.
Uses dye fuel material medicinal oil poison wood
Edible barks
Therapeutic use Cancer (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Seed can be stored for over a year.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Conservation status

Brucea antidysenterica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:813603-1
WFO ID wfo-0000572696
COL ID 694N6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Brucea abyssinica Brucea antidysenterica Brucea erythraeae Brucea ferruginea l'hér. Brucea salutaris Lussa antidysenterica Trichilia siderotricha