Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir.

Oriental mangrove (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Rhizophoraceae > Bruguiera

Characteristics

Tree up to 33 m by 65(-80) cm, buttresses up to 1 m high; kneed roots 45 cm. Bark smooth, grey to pale-brown, with a few large corky lenticels especially on the buttresses, sometimes with stilt-roots. Branching mostly sympodial. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, rarely oblanceolate, 8-13(-16) by 3-6 cm, acute at both ends, flat; nerves 7-11 pairs visible to obscure on both surfaces; petiole 1.5-5 cm, not pruinose. Stipules green or yellowish, 3.5-4 cm long. Flowers generally nodding, at anthesis 2¾-4 cm long. Pedicels 6-12 mm, green, yellow, or brownish, not pruinose. Calyx 10-12-lobed, yellow, yellow-brown or reddish, never bright red, tube 1-1.5 cm long, outside distinctly ridged to the base. Petals 1.5 cm long, densely fringed with hairs along the outer margins from the base to the apex; lobes half the length of the petal, apex reflexed and obtuse, each near the top with a few (1-3) bristles up to 1.25 mm long and not or hardly exceeding the apex; a distinct bristle in the sinus between the lobes. Stamens 7-14 mm, anthers linear, 3-5 mm. Style filiform, 1.5-2.25 cm long, arms 3-4, at most 0.5 mm. Hypocotyl thick, rather angular, with narrowed blunt ends, 6-8 by 1.5 cm, straight.
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Tree to 20 m high, often buttressed; bark light brown to grey. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute; lamina 8–16 cm long, 3–6 cm wide, flat; petiole usually reflexed, 1.5–5 cm long; stipules 3.5–4 cm long, green or yellow-green. Flowers solitary, c. 3 cm long at anthesis; pedicels 6–12 mm long. Hypanthium c. 1.5 cm long, distinctly ribbed throughout. Sepals 10–12, linear, yellow to rusty brown. Petals c. 1.5 cm long, 2-lobed, pubescent at base and usually along margins; tips of lobes reflexed; bristles 1 in sinus and often 1 or more on each lobe near but scarcely exceeding tip. Anthers 4–5 mm long, without mucro. Hypocotyl 6–12 cm long, 1.5–2 cm wide, somewhat angular, narrowed at both ends.
Trees 6-8(-15) m tall, d.b.h. 15-35 cm. Bark gray to pale brown, smooth. Stipules green or yellowish, 3.5-4 cm. Petiole yellowish, 1.5-3.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, elliptic-oblong, or rarely oblanceolate, 8-13(-16) × 3-6 cm, base cuneate to rarely obtuse, apex acute. Pedicel 6-12 mm. Flowers solitary, yellow, 2.7-4 cm. Calyx tube 1-1.5 cm; lobes 9-13, ca. 2 cm. Petals 1-1.5 cm, margin with a tuft of hairs, apex 2-lobed; lobes obtuse, with 1 or 2 short bristles less than 1.5 mm, bristles not exceeding lobes. Stamens 0.7-1.4 cm. Style 1.5-2.2 cm, apical branches to 0.5 mm. Fruit 1.5-1.8 cm. Fruiting calyx tube ± distinctly ribbed. Hypocotyl cigar-shaped, ± angular, 6-8 cm. Fl. autumn, fr. spring.
A medium sized erect tree. It grows to 40 m high. The trunk is 80 cm across. The bark is grey. The bark is thick, ridged and very dark and contains a few large brown corky spots. The leaves are pointed at the tip and wedge shaped at the base. The midrib is prominent and the upper surface shiny while the lower surface is reddish brown. The leaves are 10-13 cm long by 4-5 cm wide. The flowers are yellow and sometimes tinged with orange. They occur singly in the axils of leaves. They are about 2.5 cm long. The fruit is cylindrical similar to "busaing" except that the germinating root is shorter. Seeds germinate on the tree before falling.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.8
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
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Flower color
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JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

As of B. gymnorrhiza, mainly in the back mangrove in places which are infrequently submerged, but generally preferring wetter soils in association with B. cylindrica and B. parviflora. According to Burkill it has been suggested that it is a hybrid between B. cylindrica and B. gymnorrhiza; there is nothing to sustain this idea and its large area of distribution and fertility indicate its good specific status. According to Watson the rarest Bruguiera in Malaya; it is the only one which occasionally stands on stilt-roots.
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Inland parts of mangrove forests that are not frequently submerged, also growing along river banks and occasionally on sandy shores. Grows in soils with water that is less saline than seawater, preferring easily drained soils.
It is a tropical plant. It grows in mud flats and estuaries. They are found in mangrove swamps throughout the Philippines.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. As B. gymnorrhiza. The tree yields firewood and poles and is suitable for making charcoal. Fruit is said to be used in an application for shingles, and root or leaves are used for burns. In Celebes the fruits are eaten after having been soaked and boiled.
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The embryo of the fruit is soaked overnight, then cooked and eaten.
Uses animal food charcoal food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal seasoning social use wood
Edible barks fruits roots seeds
Therapeutic use Antineoplastic agents (bark), Burns (leaf), Burns (root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The seeds germinate on the tree then fall and root in the mud. Seedlings transplant easily.
Mode seedlings
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Images

Bruguiera sexangula unspecified picture

Distribution

Bruguiera sexangula world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Thailand, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Bruguiera sexangula threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:719546-1
WFO ID wfo-0000572763
COL ID 68SQT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Rhizophora eriopetala Bruguiera australis Bruguiera oxyphylla Bruguiera parietosa Bruguiera sexangula Rhizophora australis Rhizophora polandra Bruguiera eriopetala Rhizophora sexangula Bruguiera sexangula var. sexangula