Buddleja asiatica Lour.

Dogtail (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja

Characteristics

Evergreen shrub, suffrutex, or sometimes small tree, 1-7 m high. Branches terete or subterete, when young densely appressed-or woolly-, white-, grey-, or fulvous-hairy. Leaves opposite, those in the inflorescence often more or less alternate; connected by an, often inconspicuous, stipular line, narrowly to oblong-or ovate-lanceolate, 4-30 by 0.75-7 cm, herbaceous, glabrous to rather densely hairy above, underneath densely short to rather long woolly-hairy; base acute, margin remotely serrate-dentate to subentire, apex long-acuminate, acute, nerves and veins often impressed above; petioles 0.75-1 cm, tomentose. Inflorescences terminal and/or axillary, thyrsoid, spiciform, up to 25 by 0.75-2 cm, densely tomentose; flowers in crowded or more or less remote, (sub)sessile, 1-3-(rarely more-)flowered cymes, each cyme in the axil of a linear bract. Pedicels 0.25-2 mm. Flowers 4-merous, a few occasionally 5-merous. Calyx campanulate, 2-4.5 mm long, cleft to 1/3-1/2, outside more or less densely tomentose, lobes triangular-oblong, acute. Corolla white, sometimes light-violet or greenish, outside stellate-hairy, inside from halfway the tube to the basal part of the lobes woolly; tube 2.5-4¼ mm, lobes oblong-ovate, 1-1.5 mm long, rounded or obtuse. Stamens inserted near the throat, anthers 0.75 mm long, deeply 2-lobed at the base. Ovary and style glabrous, style 1 mm, including the club-shaped stigma. Capsule ovate or oblong, flattened, 3-5 by 2½-3 mm, glabrous, brown. Seeds ellipsoid, laxly enveloped by the testa which is at both ends prolonged into a short wing; the endosperm c. 1 mm long.
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Corolla white, sometimes pale violet or greenish, with erect lobes 1·3–3 times as long as the calyx and 3–6 mm. long, outside densely or less often sparsely stellate–tomentose; tube nearly cylindrical, 1·4–2·4 x as long as the calyx, 1·7–4 x as long as the lobes, 2·5–4·8 x 1·2–1·5 mm.; lobes orbicular or nearly so, 1–1·7 x 1–1·5 mm., rounded, entire or crenate, spreading.
An evergreen, tree like shrub. It grows 3 m high. New shoots are arching and woolly white. The leaves are long and narrow. They are dark green on the upper side and paler underneath. The flowers are in long drooping racemes. They are creamy white. They are fragrant. They flowers grow on last year's growth. The fruit is a capsule and is small and narrowly oval.
Leaves opposite, those in the inflorescence often more or less alternate, shortly petiolate; petiole 2–15 mm. long; blade narrowly to very narrowly elliptic or ovate, 3–8 times as long as wide, 3–30 x 0·5–7 cm., long–acuminate at the apex.
Pedicels very short, 0·2–2 mm. long; flowers fragrant, crowded or more or less remote, (sub)sessile, in 1–3–(rarely more) flowered cymes; each cyme in the axil of a linear bract.
Seeds pale brown, reticulate, winged at both ends, 0·8–1 x 0·3–0·4 x 0·2 mm.; grain ellipsoid, apiculate at both ends, 0·3–0·4 x 0·3 x 0·2 mm.
Calyx campanulate, 1·3–4·5 mm. long, outside stellate–pubescent or –tomentose; lobes 0·4–3 times as long as the tube, subequal.
Branchlets terete or nearly so, densely stellate–pubescent or –wooly with white, grey or fulvous hairs.
Capsule ellipsoid, 3–5 x 1·5–3 x 1·5–3 mm.; valves often tom at the apex.
Inflorescence terminal and/or axillary, thyrsoid, spiciform.
Shrub, undershrub or sometimes small tree, 0·80–7 m. high.
Ovary glabrous or lepidote.
Stamens included.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0 - 2.75
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows from about 80 to 2900 m altitude in Papua New Guinea. It mostly grows in disturbed areas like old gardens and along roadsides. In Pakistan it grows up to 1,600 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 8-12. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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In open, often disturbed or secondary vegetation, apparently more or less a pioneer of secondary growth, in pyrogenous grassland, in gravel-beds, on lavastreams, and landslides, from the lowland up to about 3000 m, locally often gregarious. Fl. fr. Jan.-Dec.
Second growth forest, sandy river banks, grass, savannah, landslips and deserted village sites. Open places, edges of open forests, open woodlands; from near sea level to 2,800 metres in southern China.
Second growth forest, sandy river banks, grass, savannah, landslips and deserted village sites. Open places, edges of open forests, open woodlands; from near sea level to 2,800 metres in southern China.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

Uses. Probably mainly on account of its saponin-content sometimes used as fish-poison and in native medicine for several purposes (see BURKILL Dict. 1935 379 Quis. Med. Pl. Philip. 1951 710 ). In Assam the flowers are eaten "cooked with rats' meat" ( KANJILAL & DAS Fl. Assam 3 1939 312 ); in the Philippines used in making rice-wine. Sometimes used for fuel. Cultivated as an ornamental in many tropical and subtropical to even temperate regions.
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The flowers are eaten with meat. The flowers are boiled to make a yellow liquid poured over rice. The root is dried and powdered and and used to make a fermented liquor. The bark is chewed.
Uses dye environmental use essential oil fuel material medicinal ornamental poison social use wood
Edible barks flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Hypotension (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Malaria (root), Anti-bacterial agents (stem), Abortifacient (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Intoxicant (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Abortifacient agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Buddleja asiatica leaf picture by Afrah Jahan (cc-by-sa)
Buddleja asiatica leaf picture by Afrah Jahan (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Buddleja asiatica flower picture by Quyền Nguyễn Hùng (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Buddleja asiatica fruit picture by Quyền Nguyễn Hùng (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Buddleja asiatica world distribution map, present in Argentina, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Greece, Guam, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Northern Mariana Islands, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, and Zambia

Conservation status

Buddleja asiatica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545686-1
WFO ID wfo-0000573923
COL ID NMYY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Buddleja acuminatissima Buddleja arfakensis Buddleja asiatica Buddleja densiflora Buddleja discolor Buddleja neemda Buddleja salicina Buddleja subserrata Buddleja sundaica Vitex esquirolii Buddleja amentacea Buddleja serrulata Buddleja virgata Buddleja asiatica var. densiflora Buddleja asiatica var. salicina Buddleja asiatica var. sundaica Buddleja neemda var. philippensis Buddleja asiatica var. brevicuspe Buddleja asiatica var. densiflora Buddleja asiatica var. salicina Buddleja asiatica var. sundaica