Buddleja davidii Franch.

Orange eye butterflybush (en), Arbre aux papillons (fr), Buddléa (fr), Buddleia du père David (fr), Arbre-à-papillon (fr), Arbre-aux-papillons (fr), Buddleia de David (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja

Characteristics

Shrubs 0.5--5 m tall; young branchlets, leaves abaxially, petioles, and inflorescences white tomentose or pubescent with stellate hairs. Branchlets nearly 4-angled. Stipules often present, suborbicular to ovate, 1--6 mm. Petiole 1--5 mm; leaf blade narrowly ovate, narrowly elliptic, or very narrowly ovate, 4--20 X 0.3--7.5 cm, adaxially dark green and glabrous or subglabrous, base cuneate, margin serrate, apex acuminate, lateral veins 9--14 pairs. Inflorescences terminal, seemingly racemose or thyrsoid cymes, 4--30 X 2--5 cm; lower bracts leaflike, others small and linear. Calyx campanulate, 2--3.5 mm, outside stellate pubescent to glabrous; lobes narrowly triangular, 0.5--2 mm. Corolla violet to dark purple, sometimes white, with an orange-yellow throat, 0.8--1.4 cm, outside glabrous or stellate pubescent and/or with glandular hairs; tube narrowly cylindrical or subcylindrical, 6--11.5 X 1--1.5 mm, inside pilose except at base; lobes suborbicular, 1.5--3 X 1.5--3 mm, outside glabrous. Stamens inserted at middle to near base of corolla tube; anthers oblong, 0.8--1.2 mm. Ovary ovoid, 1.2--2 X 0.8--1.1 mm, glabrous to minutely pubescent, sometimes with glandular hairs. Style 0.5--1.5 mm; stigma clavate. Capsules brown, narrowly ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid, 5--9 X 1.5--2 mm, glabrous or sparsely stellate pubescent. Seeds ellipsoid, 2--4 X ca. 0.5 mm, long winged at both ends. Fl. May-Oct.
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Large bush up to 2.5 m. Branches subquadrangular, when young densely grey to white tomentose. Leaves oblong-elliptic or-ovate, 8-10 by 3-4 cm, herbaceous, glabrous above except on the base of the midrib, densely tomentose beneath; base cuneate, attenuate, margin minutely serrate-dentate, apex acute-acuminate; petiole c. 0.5 cm long, densely tomentose, glabrescent, at the base with auriculate, usually not connate, often relatively large stipules. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes moieover lateral, thyrsoid, composed of mostly short-stalked, lax, many-flowered cymes, c. 12-20 by 3.5 cm, sparsely pubescent. Bracts linear, up to c. 0.5 cm. Flowers subsessile, very fragrant. Calyx slender-campanulate, 3 mm long, outside sparsely pubescent, lobes c. 1/3-1/4 the total length of the calyx, acute. Corolla lilac, the mouth orange-yellow, outside glabrous, inside sparsely hairy above the insertion of the stamens, tube slender, 9 mm, slightly swollen halfway, lobes semiorbicular, 2-2.5 mm long, their margin crisped. Stamens inserted halfway the tube, anthers 1 mm long, 2-parted at base, apiculate. Pistil glabrous, style 2 mm including the club-shaped stigma. Capsule lanceolate-ellipsoid, 8 by 1.5-2 mm, glabrous. Seeds thread-like, 4 mm, in the centre only slightly thickened.
Deciduous shrub 1-3-(4) m high. Shoots obtusely angled, floccose, tomentose when young. Lvs with petiole to c. 1 cm long or sometimes subsessile just below infl. Stipules to c. 5 mm wide, broader than long. Lamina c. 6-20 × 2.5-8 cm, ovate, less commonly lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so above, whitish or greyish tomentose below, serrulate or crenulate, occasionally with coarser teeth; base cuneate; apex acuminate. Panicles c. 30 × 5 cm, elongated and broadly cylindric, composed of dense fragrant fls; branches tomentose; pedicels very short. Calyx c. 2 mm long, tomentose; teeth < tube, lanceolate. Corolla tube 7-10 mm long when fresh, mauve to purple, orange inside, hairy outside or, less commonly, glabrous; lobes 2.5-4 mm long, obovate, mauve to purple (sometimes white in cultivation). Stamens inserted 1/2-⅔ along tube; anthers sessile. Style not reaching level of stamens. Ovary glabrous or nearly so. Capsule 5-10 mm long, cylindric-obovoid, glabrous.
Corolla violet or lilac (white not seen in specimens in the field), orange–yellow within the throat, with erect lobes 3–5 times as long as the calyx, 7·5–14 mm. long, outside glabrous or stellate–pubescent and/or with minute glandular hairs; tube nearly cylindrical, 2–4 times as long as the calyx, 3–5·5 times as long as the lobes, 6–11·5 mm. long, 0·9–1·5 mm. wide below the throat and from there abruptly widened; lobes circular or slightly longer than wide, 1·3 x 1·3 mm., rounded, entire to crenate, spreading.
Leaves opposite or sometimes subopposite, shortly petiolate; stipules foliate, often only present on main branches; long; lamina narrowly ovate or narrowly elliptic, 3–6 times as long as wide, 4–20 x 1–7 cm., acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, serrate to subentire.
Shrubs 2–4 m; lvs lanceolate or lance-ovate, 1–2 dm, serrate, tomentose beneath; fls in slender panicles 1–2 dm; cor 1 cm, salverform, lilac with orange center; 2n=76. Native of China, escaped from cult. here and there in our range. July–Sept.
Calyx narrowly campanulate, 2–3·5 x 1–1·5 mm., outside stellate–pubescent to glabrous, tube (1·5)2–5 times as long as the lobes; lobes subequal, usually narrowly triangular, 0·5–2 x 0·5–0·8 mm., acute or acuminate, entire.
Inflorescence terminal, sometimes also lateral, thyrsoid, long and rather narrow, 10–30 x 3–5 cm., rarely smaller, composed of mostly short–stalked, lax, many–flowered cymes.
Ovary oblong or nearly so, laterally compressed, glabrous, minutely pubescent, or sometimes with glandular hairs.
Stamens included; filaments very short, mostly inserted in the middle of the corolla tube.
Branchlets subquadrangular, stellate–tomentose when young, glabrescent.
Capsule narrowly ellipsoid or narrowly ovoid, (3)5–9 x 1·2–2 mm.
Flowers all shortly pedicellate or some sessile.
Shrub 0·50–3 m. high, often sarmentose.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 2.0 - 3.25
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 4.0
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Thickets on mountain slopes, side of draws in mountains; at elevations from 800-3,000 metres. Waste places, often on brick walls in Britain.
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In a clearing in jungle. Fl. fr. Jan.-Dec.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

Uses dye environmental use gene source medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Diuretics (leaf)
Human toxicity toxic (unknown strength) (seed), toxic (unknown strength) (leaf), toxic (unknown strength) (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Buddleja davidii habit picture by troglo (cc-by-sa)
Buddleja davidii habit picture by Pierre Treussart (cc-by-sa)
Buddleja davidii habit picture by Em Po (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Buddleja davidii leaf picture by bibopalula (cc-by-sa)
Buddleja davidii leaf picture by FREDERIC FAURE (cc-by-sa)
Buddleja davidii leaf picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Buddleja davidii flower picture by Fernando Herrero (cc-by-sa)
Buddleja davidii flower picture by FREDERIC FAURE (cc-by-sa)
Buddleja davidii flower picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Buddleja davidii fruit picture by FREDERIC FAURE (cc-by-sa)
Buddleja davidii fruit picture by Denis Alkan (cc-by-sa)
Buddleja davidii fruit picture by Renault Émilie (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Buddleja davidii world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czech Republic, Germany, Ecuador, Spain, Fiji, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Croatia, India, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Mexico, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Portugal, El Salvador, Slovenia, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545734-1
WFO ID wfo-0000574004
COL ID NN2L
BDTFX ID 11336
INPN ID 86869
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Buddleja variabilis Buddleja davidii Buddleja shimidzuana Buddleja davidii var. alba Buddleja davidii var. glabrescens Buddleja davidii var. magnifera Buddleja davidii var. superba Buddleja davidii var. wilsonii Buddleja variabilis var. wilsonii Buddleja davidii var. nanhoensis Buddleja delavayi var. tomentosa Buddleja heliophila var. adenophora Buddleja variabilis var. magnifica Buddleja variabilis var. nanhoensis Buddleja variabilis var. superba Buddleja variabilis var. prostrata Buddleja variabilis var. veitchiana Buddleja variabilis var. wilsonii Buddleja davidii var. veitchiana