Burkea africana Hook.

Wild seringa (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Burkea

Characteristics

Tree up to 15 m high with a rounded or flattened spreading crown. Bark grey-brown to blackish, rough, fissured, flaking; young branchlets often rather stout, rusty-tomentose. Leaves clustered towards the ends of the branchlets, petioles and rhachides rusty-tomentose or-pubescent when young, often becoming ± glabrous with age: petiole (1.5)4-10 cm long (in our area), eglandular; rhachis (0)1-15 cm long (in our area), eglandular; pinnae (1)2-3(5) pairs (in our area); rhachillae 4-14 cm long (in our area); leaflets alternate, 5-15 per pinna, mostly 1.2-5.5(7.5) cm long, 0.7-3.6(4.2) cm wide, elliptic or sometimes ovate-elliptic or ± obovate, asymmetric basally, obtuse or rounded and somewhat emarginate apically, usually silvery-sericeous when very young, thinly appressed-puberulous on both surfaces or sometimes ± glabrous at maturity; petiolule 2-5 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescences spicate; spikes (5)8-25 cm long (including the peduncle), pendulous, simple or sometimes branched, usually ± clustered at the tips of the young branchlets; peduncle and axis pubescent to tomentose with appressed or spreading hairs. Flowers white, cream or pale green, sessile. Calyx 1.5-2 mm long, pubescent at least basally, lobes rounded apically and ciliate on the margins. Petals 3.5-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, obovate-oblong, rounded apically, ultimately reflexed. Stamens 3-4 mm long, glabrous; anthers ±2 mm long. Ovary subsessile, densely rusty-tomentose. Pods brown, stipitate, 4-7 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, usually 1-seeded, indehiscent, flattened, venose, finely puberulous. Seeds brown, ±9-12 x 7-8 mm, elliptic to suborbicular, compressed; areoles ±7-8 x 3.5-4 mm.
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Tree 4–20 m. high.. Bark grey to blackish, fissured and scaly.. Branchlets often rather thick.. Leaves silvery when young; petiole with rhachis 7–32 cm. long; pinnae (1–)2–5(–7) pairs, (3.5–)6–20(–28) cm. long; leaflets 6–15, elliptic or sometimes ovate-elliptic or ± obovate, mostly 1.5–7.5 cm. long, 0.7–4.2 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded and somewhat emarginate at apex, ± asymmetric at base, appressed-puberulous on both sides (or rarely pubescent–see note below); petiolule 2–5 mm. long.. Flowers white or pale green, in pendulous spikes 6–27 cm. long.. Sepals rounded at apex, erose and ciliate on margins.. Petals obovate-oblong, ± 4–5 mm. long and 2–2.5 mm. wide, rounded at apex, ultimately recurving.. Pods elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 4–6.5 cm. long, 2–3 cm. wide, brown.. Seeds elliptic, compressed, ± 9–12 mm. long and 7–8 mm. wide, brown; areoles ± 7–8 mm. long and 3.5–4 mm. wide.. Fig. 2, p. 22.
It can be a small or medium sized tree. It is often 5-8 m tall but also up to 21 m tall. It has a flat crown. The bark is dark and rough and flakes off. The twigs are robust ending in a stubby tip. The young growing tips are covered with velvety red hairs. The leaves are blue-green. The leaves are up to 38 cm long and droop. They are clustered near the ends of branches. The leaves are twice divided with 2-4 pairs of side branches and these have 5-11 leaflets. The leaflets are oval and 2.5 cm long by 1.9 cm wide. They are silvery when young. The flower buds are small and greenish-yellow. They occur in long strings at the ends of branches. The flowers are yellow with a sweet scent. The pods are 3-8 cm long and 1.9-2.5 cm wide. They are flat, brown and woody. They normally only have one seed.
Leaves: petiole and rachis together (3)7–24(32 in East Africa) cm long, appressed-pubescent to reddish tomentose when young, often becoming glabrous at maturity; pinnae (1)2–4(7 in East Africa) pairs; pinna rachis (3)7–16(23 in East Africa) cm long; leaflets 6–12(15 in East Africa) per pinna, (1.5)2.5–5.5(7.5) × (0.7)1.2–3.6(4.2) cm, usually immature at anthesis, ± obliquely ovate to rhombic, strongly asymmetrical at the base, obtuse to emarginate at the apex, usually silvery-sericeous when very young, becoming thinly pubescent to glabrous at maturity; leaflet petiolules 2–4(5) mm long.
Racemes 5–30 cm long including the peduncle, sometimes branched, pendulous and usually ± clustered at the ends of young branches, usually appearing with the young leaves; peduncle and axis pubescent to tomentose with appressed or spreading, brown or reddish hairs.
Tree, up to 15 m high. Branchlets rusty tomentose, with leaves clustered towards ends. Leaflets 5-15 per pinna, elliptic, basally asymmetric. Inflorescence spicate, spike 80-250 mm long. Flowers white, cream or pale green.
Pods (3.5)4.5–5.5(6.5) × 2–3 cm excluding the stipe, ± elliptic, slightly asymmetrical, brown; stipe 0.5–1.5(1.8) cm long; seeds 9–12 × 7–8 × 2 mm, elliptic to suborbicular, flat, brown, with areoles 7–8 × 3.5–4 mm.
Calyx 1.5–2(2.5) mm long, fused for third to two-thirds of its length, ± pubescent at least in its lower part, the teeth broadly rounded and ciliate.
Petals 4–5 mm long, but strongly reflexed about their middle after anthesis, 2–2.5 mm broad, rounded to somewhat pointed at the apex.
Flowers 4–5.5(6.5) mm from base to anthers, sessile, white or cream or occasionally greenish, pink or brownish.
Twigs rather stout, with conspicuous raised leaf scars, when young covered with a fine dark red tomentum.
Pendulous spikes of small creamy fragrant flowers crowded with the leaves at the ends of the branchlets.
A deciduous tree attaining 60–70 ft. in height, with stout knotted branchlets,
Tree 4–20 m high, the crown often flat, sometimes rounded.
Bark grey to blackish, fissured and scaly.
Blackish corrugated bark
Light silky foliage
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 9.0 - 17.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.2
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs in sandy areas of dry open bush. In South Africa it grows from 600-1370 m altitude. It needs an annual rainfall above 450 mm. In Zimbabwe it grows in areas with a rainfall between 850-950 mm per year. It can grow in salty soils. It does not suit wet soils. It can grow in arid places.
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In sandy soils in deciduous woodland and in wooded grassland at elevations from 40-1,740 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The gum is eaten. The bark is used for flavouring spirits and beer. The leaves are used as a yeast.
Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use food food additive fuel gene source gum invertebrate food material medicinal poison social use timber vertebrate poison wood
Edible barks flowers gums leaves stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants do not grow easily from seed. Plants have roots near the surface and when these are damaged, new shoots develop and plants can be grown by cutting these off and replanting.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 36
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Burkea africana unspecified picture

Distribution

Burkea africana world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Burkea africana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:482512-1
WFO ID wfo-0000214110
COL ID NXGS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Burkea africana Burkea caperangau