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Calendula L.

Marigold (en), Souci (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae

Characteristics

Annual or perennial herbs, mostly glandular-hairy and aromatic. Stems procumbent to erect, occasionally woody at base. Leaves simple, alternate, ±sessile, entire or dentate to ±pinnatifid. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, 1–3 at apices of stem and branches. Involucre 1–2 (–3)-seriate; bracts with narrowly scarious margins; receptacle flat, naked, pitted. Ray florets 1–3 (–4)-seriate, female, fertile; ligules yellow or orange; style branches linear. Disc florets tubular, 5-lobed, yellow-red or brownish; peripheral florets bisexual; innermost functionally male; anthers tailed; styles undivided, apically acute and surrounded by a ring of short hairs. Achenes polymorphic within same capitulum, incurved to various degrees; ray achenes cymbiform, straight to curved, rostrate, winged; disc achenes usually small, strongly curved, sometimes ±annular and transversely rugose.
More
Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes woody at base, not armed. Lvs alternate, simple, entire or toothed. Capitula solitary or in loose corymbs. Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, with membranous margins. Receptacle flat; scales 0. Outer florets ♀, ligulate; ligules yellow or orange. Inner florets tubular, with innermost functionally ♂ (some disc florets transformed into ligulate florets in cvs). Achenes heteromorphic, incurved, ridged, tuberculate or spiny on back; outer achenes narrowly beaked, or not beaked and 2-3-winged; inner achenes curled in ± 1 complete turn, usually without well-formed beaks or wings.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-10

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) -18 - 21
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Calendula unspecified picture

Distribution

Calendula world distribution map, present in Australia, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30120329-2
WFO ID wfo-4000006008
COL ID 3F6P
BDTFX ID 86059
INPN ID 190178
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Calendula

Lower taxons

Calendula meuselii Calendula officinalis Calendula pachysperma Calendula tripterocarpa Calendula arvensis Calendula karakalensis Calendula suffruticosa Calendula palaestina Calendula stellata Calendula lanzae Calendula eckerleinii Calendula arvensis
WorldFloraDB 2024