Calla palustris L.

Water arum (en), Calla des marais (fr), Anguine (fr), Arum d'eau (fr), Choucelle (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Alismatales > Araceae > Calla

Characteristics

Rhizome creeping, green, cylindric, to 50 cm, robust, 1-2(-3) cm in diam., somewhat spongy; nodes rooting. Cataphylls lanceolate, to 10 cm, apex acuminate. Petiole green, terete, (6-)12-24 cm (and longer to 30[-40] cm), base sheathing; sheath 7-8(-12) cm, with free ligule; leaf blade green, (4-)6-14 × (4-)6-14 cm; primary veins (8-)10-14(-18), pinnately arching from a strong midvein on each side, intramarginal vein inconspicuous. Peduncle green, terete, 15-30 × 0.8-1.2 cm. Spathe green outside, white inside, (3-)4-6(-8) × 3-3.5(-5) cm, apex with an acumen ca. 1 cm. Spadix 1.5-3 × 0.7-1.5 cm; stipe 5-7 mm. Flowers yellowish green, 2-2.2(-2.5) mm tall. Infructescence (2-)3-5 × (1.5-)2.5-3.5 cm. Berries red, (5-)6-12 × (4-)5-10 mm. Seed brown, 3-5 × ca. 2 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.
More
Roots adventitious, arising from nodes. Rhizomes creeping at or near surface, elongate, 1--3 cm diam. Leaves: petiole 6--30(--40) cm; blade 4--14 cm wide; lateral veins curved-ascending, parallel. Inflorescences: spathe ovate to elliptic, 3--6(--8) cm, apex long-apiculate, 4--10 mm; spadix on thick short stipe, cylindric, shorter than spathe, apex rounded. Flowers covering spadix; stamens (6--)9--12, of 2 types, outer with broad filaments and inner with narrow filaments; ovaries 1-locular; ovules 6--9, anatropous. Infructescences 2--5 ´ 1.5--3.5 cm. Fruits pear-shaped, 6--12 ´ 5--10 mm. Seeds brown with dark spots at chalazal end, cylindric, 3--5 mm. 2n = 36.
Fls all perfect, or the upper staminate, covering the spadix; spathe expanded, not enclosing the spadix, ovate to elliptic; perianth none; stamens 6; filaments narrow, flat; anthers short and broad; ovary unilocular, with several erect anatropous ovules; fr a red berry, the few seeds surrounded by gelatinous material; perennial herbs with petioled basal lvs and solitary spathes. Monotypic.
A creeping plant. It has a creeping rhizome. This can be 15-50 cm long. It has round, shiny, heart shaped leaves. They are pointed and firm and leathery. The flowers are lily like and white. The flowers are pollinated by water snails. The fruit spikes are made up of red berries.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.4
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.3
Root system adventitious-root creeping-root fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.6
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in temperate places. It grows in meadows, swamps, in shallow water below 1100 m in northern China. It grows near the edge of water. It cannot tolerate more than 5 cm of water over its crown.
More
Forest swamps, moorland marshes, by ponds and streams. Found in a wide variety of water bodies, including ponds, lakes and marshes; usually on peat and often associated with woodland.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 7-11
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 1-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The starch of the root is used for adding to bread flour after removing the acrid element. This is done by drying, grinding then heating. The leaves are eaten in Bangladesh. It needs special preparation to remove oxalates. The dried seeds thoroughly and they are then ground into flour.
Uses environmental use medicinal poison
Edible fruits leaves rhizomes roots seeds
Therapeutic use Antihemorrhagic (root), Eye Medicine (root), Misc. Disease Remedy (root), Respiratory Aid (root), Snake Bite Remedy (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (leaf), toxic (whole), toxic (fruit)
Animal toxicity toxic (leaf), toxic (whole), toxic (fruit)

Cultivation

It is grown by division of the rootstock. Plants can also be grown by seeds.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 22
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Calla palustris habit picture by Paweł W (cc-by-sa)
Calla palustris habit picture by Kate Senatskaya (cc-by-sa)
Calla palustris habit picture by Денис Борисов (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Calla palustris leaf picture by Anne Cumin (cc-by-sa)
Calla palustris leaf picture by jemaine jemaine (cc-by-sa)
Calla palustris leaf picture by Johan VL (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Calla palustris flower picture by Andrzej Pasierbinski (cc-by-sa)
Calla palustris flower picture by Jaak Pärtel (cc-by-sa)
Calla palustris flower picture by Malyshev Egor (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Calla palustris fruit picture by Moloniewic Lara (cc-by-sa)
Calla palustris fruit picture by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Calla palustris fruit picture by ArtoKJ (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Calla palustris world distribution map, present in Austria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Finland, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Japan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, and United States of America

Conservation status

Calla palustris threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:86508-1
WFO ID wfo-0000767370
COL ID PKWB
BDTFX ID 12183
INPN ID 87450
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Calla palustris f. polyspathacea Provenzalia bispatha Provenzalia palustris Callaion bispatha Calla brevis Calla cordifolia Calla generalis Callaion palustris Dracunculus paludosus Calla palustris f. palustris Provenzalia brevis Provenzalia heterophyla Calla ovatofolia Callaion brevis Callaion heterophylla Calla palustris f. aroiformis Calla palustris f. gracilis Calla palustris