Cassytha pondoensis Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Laurales > Lauraceae > Cassytha

Characteristics

Dextrorsely twining, parasitic herbs; stems very long, filiform, branched, pubescent to hairy, ± glabrescent; young stems rusty-or fulvous-tomentose. Leaves scale-like, 2-3 mm long, ovate, subobtuse at the apex, ± hairy. Inflorescence axillary, shortly pedunculate, subcapitate, or in short, 1-5-flowered spikes 0.5-2.5 cm long, rusty-or fulvous-tomentose; peduncles solitary or 2-4 together, up to 1 mm long; bracts and bracteoles 1-2 mm long, broadly ovate to suborbicular, subhyaline, rusty-pubescent and ciliate. Receptacle glabrous inside. Flowers yellowish or greenish, sessile, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, rusty-to tawny-pubescent; the 3 outer tepals 1-1.5 mm long, suborbicular or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute at the apex, ciliate, glabrous inside; the 3 inner tepals 1.5-2 mm long, lanceolate-triangular, subacute at the apex, pubescent inside. Stamens 9, arranged in 3 whorls with an innermost whorl of staminodes; filaments of the first whorl c. 1 mm long and broadly linear, ciliate, anthers c. 1 x 0.7 mm, dehiscing introrsely; stamens of the second whorl like the first, but smaller; filaments of the third whorl c. 0.9 mm long with 2 globose glands at the base, the anthers c. 0.6 x 0.4 mm dehiscing extrorsely; staminodes c. 0.3 mm long, ovate-triangular, sessile, glabrous, fleshy. Ovary c. 1 mm long, obovoid; style c. 1 mm long, filiform. Fruit drupaceous, 5-7 x 4-6 mm, globose or ellipsoidal, surrounded by the enlarged glabrous or ± puberulous receptacle, crowned at the apex by the persistent perianth.
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Stems filiform, ± glabrous or sparsely to densely rusty pubescent.. Leaves ovate, scale-like, 0.2-3 mm. long, subobtuse at the apex, fulvous pubescent.. Inflorescences usually short single spikes or shortly peduncled heads, usually solitary or sometimes in fascicles of 2-4, 0.5-1.5 cm. long, (1-)2-6-flowered; peduncles together with inflorescences densely ferruginous pubescent; bracts at base of peduncle 1.5 mm. long; floral bracts ovate to rounded, 2 mm. long; bracteoles similar or ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm. long, all rusty pubescent and ciliate.. Flowers whitish-yellow or greenish, 3 mm. long; calyx-tube 2 mm. long, rusty pubescent outside, particularly visible in young fruit, glabrous inside; tepals rounded, rounded ovate or ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, the outer (0.8-)1-1.5 mm. long, acute, ciliolate at margins, glabrous inside, inner (1.3-)2-2.5 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous outside, puberulous to pubescent inside.. Fertile stamens 9, the 6 outer ± 2 mm. long with linear filaments ± 1 mm. long; anthers ovate, 1 mm. long, 0.5-0.7 mm. wide; the 3 inner ± 1.4 mm. long; filaments ± 0.9 mm. long; anthers ovate, 0.5-0.6 mm. long, 0.3-0.4 mm. wide; staminodes ovate-triangular, 0.3 mm. long, sessile.. Ovary obovoid, ± 1 mm. long; style 1 mm. long.. Fruit ellipsoid, 5-6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, fulvous pubescent or eventually quite glabrous or with few minute hairs remaining.
Stamens 9, arranged in 3 whorls with an innermost whorl of staminodes; filaments of the first whorl c. 1 mm long and broadly linear, ciliate, anthers c. 1 x 0.7 mm, dehiscing introrsely; stamens of the second whorl like the first, but smaller; filaments of the third whorl c. 0.9 mm long with 2 globose glands at the base, the anthers c. 0.6 x 0.4 mm dehiscing extrorsely; staminodes c. 0.3 mm long, ovate-triangular, sessile, glabrous, fleshy.
Flowers yellowish or greenish, sessile, 2.5–3.5 mm long, 1–2 mm in diameter, rusty-to tawny-pubescent; the 3 outer tepals 1–1.5 mm long, suborbicular or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute at the apex, ciliate, glabrous inside; the 3 inner tepals 1.5–2 mm long, lanceolate-triangular, subacute at the apex, pubescent inside.
Inflorescence axillary, shortly pedunculate, subcapitate, or in short, 1–5-flowered spikes 0.5–2.5 cm long, rusty-or fulvous-tomentose; peduncles solitary or 2–4 together, up to 1 mm long; bracts and bracteoles 1–2 mm long, broadly ovate to suborbicular, subhyaline, rusty-pubescent and ciliate.
Fruit drupaceous, 5–7 x 4–6 mm, globose or ellipsoidal, surrounded by the enlarged glabrous or ± puberulous receptacle, crowned at the apex by the persistent perianth.
Dextrorsely twining, parasitic herbs; stems very long, filiform, branched, pubescent to hairy, ± glabrescent; young stems rusty-or fulvous-tomentose.
Leaves scale-like, 2–3 mm long, ovate, subobtuse at the apex, ± hairy.
Ovary c. 1 mm long, obovoid; style c. 1 mm long, filiform.
Receptacle glabrous inside.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber parasite
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

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Cultivation

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Distribution

Cassytha pondoensis world distribution map, present in Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:463221-1
WFO ID wfo-0000589819
COL ID RNMG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cassytha pondoensis

Lower taxons

Cassytha pondoensis var. schliebenii Cassytha pondoensis var. pondoensis