Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don

Madagascar periwinkle (en), Pervenche de madagascar (fr), Pervenche de Madagascar (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Catharanthus

Characteristics

Suffrutex up to 1 m high, perennial, woody at the base, herbaceous above; stems glabrous or thinly pubescent. Leaves opposite, obovate, oblong or oblanceolate, apex rounded or, rarely, subacute, apiculate, base cuneate, 4-8 cm long and 1-3 cm broad, membranous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous or finely pubescent; secondary nerves indistinct; petiole 2-5 mm long; axillary glands forming a fringe, the outer longer than the inner. Stipules 0. Flowers axillary in the upper leaves, solitary or paired, subsessile, pink or white, or white with a pink centre. Calyx divided nearly to the base; sepals 5, linear-subulate, 4-6 mm long, glabrous or pubescent. Corolla salver-shaped; tube slender cylindric, 2.3-2.6 cm long and 2-2.5 mm in diameter, mouth constricted, thickened, pubescent; lobes broadly obovate, apiculate, 1.6-2 cm long. Stamens 5, inserted near the mouth; anthers 2 mm long, subsessile. Disc replaced by 2 linear-subulate glands 2 mm long alternating with the carpels. Ovary of 2 free carpels; style filiform, stigma at the level of the anthers, capitate with a reflexed hyaline frill at the base; ovules numerous, 2-seriate. Fruit of two follicular mericarps (or one by abortion) erect, slightly spreading; follicles 2.5-3.5 cm long, cylindric, striate. Seeds numerous, oblong, 2 mm long, black, rugose, grooved on one face; cotyledons flat, slightly shorter than the radicle; endosperm scanty.
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Perennial herb or herbaceous shrub, 0.3-0.7(-1.0) m high; multi-stemmed from near woody base. Leaves obovate, oblong or oblanceolate, 40-80 x 10-13 mm; fringe of many colleters in axil. Inflorescences axillary, solitary or paired. Flowers white or pink. Corolla: tube 23-26 mm long, mouth constricted with dense short hairs, widening at point of insertion of stamens; lobes 16-20 mm, apex broadly obtuse almost truncate. Anthers with short blunt lobes at base. Gynoecium apocarpous and bicarpellate. Styles: apex capitate with a translucent frill at base. Flowering time all year, peaking in summer months. Fruit a pair of slightly diverging, cylindrical follicles, sometimes 1 by abortion, 25-35 mm long. Seeds many and small.
Erect, hairy, perennial herb. Petiole < 7 mm long; lamina 3.5-6 × 1-2.5 cm, oblong or obovate-oblong, clothed in short hairs above and below, penninerved with prominent yellowish veins and midrib; base cuneate; apex rounded and mucronulate. Pedicels 1-3 mm long. Calyx c. 6 mm long; lobes linear-subulate, densely hairy. Corolla tube 2-2.5 cm long, hairy, ampliate towards apex where stamens are inserted; limb 3-4 cm diam., deep pink with crimson eye in centre, whitish on reverse; lobes ± obovate, rounded apart from apical mucro, glabrous. Anther sacs 4-6× longer than wide, parallel, close together. Nectary disc = or > ovary. Follicles c. 2.5 cm long, hairy; seeds 1.75-2 mm long, black, oblong.
Herb or small subshrub to 1 m high, with fibrous roots. Leaves with petiole 2–5 mm long; lamina lanceolate to obovate or oblong, to 80 mm long, to 30 mm wide, membranous to thinly coriaceous. Flowers 20–35 mm long, 30–40 mm diam. subsessile. Sepals linear-subulate, 4–6 mm long. Corolla white or pink, or white with a red eye; tube 23–28 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm diam., constricted at mouth; lobes obovate, 16–20 mm long. Fruit cylindrical, 25–35 mm long. Seeds c. 2 mm long, black, rugose.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs to 1 m tall, erect or decumbent. Young stems puberulent. Leaves obovate or elliptic, 2.5-9 X 1-3.5 cm, herbaceous, apex minutely apiculate; lateral veins 7-11 pairs. Corolla red to pink or white and then mostly with a pink or less often yellow eye; tube 2.5-3 cm, pilose inside, throat villous; lobes broadly obovate, 1.2-2 cm. Follicles 2-3.8 cm X ca. 3 mm. Fl. spring-autumn. 2n = 16.
An evergreen shrub. It grows 1 m high and spreads to 1 m wide. In colder climates it is smaller and grown as an annual. It has a woody base and a fleshy top. The stem is short, erect and branching. The leaves are glossy green and oval. They are 5 cm long. The leaves have pale midribs. The flowers are soft pink tinged with red. There are 5 petals. The flowers are 4 cm across.
Perennial herb, up to 1 m high. Flowers axillary in upper leaves, solitary or paired, subsessile. Fruit of 2 follicular mericarps or 1 by abortion, erect. Flowers pink or white or white with pink centre.
Herbs, sometimes with a woody base
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.3 - 0.75
Mature height (meter) 0.7
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to Madagascar. It prefers rich, moist, well drained soil. It needs a protected sunny position. It is drought and frost tender. Seed need a temperature of at least 13-18°C to grow. The plant can grow in temperatures down to 5-7°C. It is drought resistant. It suits hardiness zones 9-11. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Often found in sandy locations along the coast, but also inland on river banks, in savannah vegetation and in dry waste places and roadsides, sometimes in open forest or scrub, usually near seal level, but occasionally to 1,500 metres.
Often found in sandy locations along the coast, but also inland on river banks, in savannah vegetation and in dry waste places and roadsides, sometimes in open forest or scrub, usually near seal level, but occasionally to 1,500 metres.
Grows in disturbed ground, often near current or abandoned habitations.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

CAUTION: Due to alkaloids this leaf should not be eaten without suitable processing. The leaves have been recorded as eaten but should probably not be eaten in large quantities. A tea is made from the leaves.
Uses animal food environmental use food gene source material medicinal ornamental poison tea
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Blood Medicine (bark), Antifungal agents (flower), Atherosclerosis (flower), Cardiovascular diseases (flower), Common cold (flower), Diabetes mellitus (flower), Hypertension (flower), Hypoglycemic agents (flower), Neoplasms (flower), Peripheral nervous system diseases (flower), Antispermatogenic agents (fruit), Abortifacient agents (leaf), Androgen antagonists (leaf), Anti-arrhythmia agents (leaf), Antidiuretic agents (leaf), Antinematodal agents (leaf), Antineoplastic agents (leaf), Antispermatogenic agents (leaf), Bites and stings (leaf), Bronchial diseases (leaf), Cardiovascular system (leaf), Carrageenan (leaf), Conjunctivitis (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Edema (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Gastrointestinal diseases (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Hypertension (leaf), Hypolipidemic agents (leaf), Insect bites and stings (leaf), Leukemia (leaf), Malaria (leaf), Menorrhagia (leaf), Menstrual cycle (leaf), Pain (leaf), Pharyngitis (leaf), Sinusitis (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Abortifacient agents (plant exudate), Diabetes mellitus (plant exudate), Dysentery (plant exudate), Galactogogues (plant exudate), Hypertension (plant exudate), Neoplasms (plant exudate), Scabies (plant exudate), Stomach neoplasms (plant exudate), Antidepressive agents (root), Antineoplastic agents (root), Anxiety disorders (root), Appetite stimulants (root), Cerebrovascular circulation (root), Common cold (root), Diabetes mellitus (root), Dyspepsia (root), Headache (root), Hypertension (root), Hypnotics and sedatives (root), Hypotension (root), Tranquilizing agents (root), Bactericide (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Ceguera (unspecified), Chest-Cold (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Gargle (unspecified), Glycosuria (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Hyperglycemia (unspecified), Hypertension (unspecified), Laryngitis (unspecified), Leukemia (unspecified), Leukopenic (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Oliguria (unspecified), Oncolytic (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Polyuria (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Sting(Wasp) (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Hodgkin's Disease (unspecified), Throat (unspecified), Tranquilizer (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anemia (unspecified), Anemia, hemolytic (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antimitotic agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antiviral agents (unspecified), Blood pressure regulation (unspecified), Breast neoplasms (unspecified), Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung (unspecified), Cerebrovascular circulation (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Hodgkin disease (unspecified), Insect bites and stings (unspecified), Insecticides (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Lymphoma (unspecified), Lymphoma, non-hodgkin (unspecified), Melanoma (unspecified), Neurotic disorders (unspecified), Sarcoma (unspecified), Spermatocidal agents (unspecified), Testicular neoplasms (unspecified), Urinary bladder neoplasms (unspecified), Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (unspecified), Wilms tumor (unspecified), Antiviral agents (whole plant), Diabetes mellitus (whole plant), Dysentery (whole plant), Fever (whole plant), Hypnotics and sedatives (whole plant), Hypoglycemic agents (whole plant), Hypotension (whole plant), Neoplasms (whole plant), Scabies (whole plant), Wounds and injuries (whole plant)
Human toxicity strong toxic (root), strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings. Seedlings grown slowly. Seed are sown 6 mm deep. They should be in a temperature of 24-27°C to quicken germination. Seedlings can be transplanted.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 20
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Catharanthus roseus habit picture by Collados Ana (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Catharanthus roseus leaf picture by botany arvind (cc-by-sa)
Catharanthus roseus leaf picture by Kaudo Basil (cc-by-sa)
Catharanthus roseus leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Catharanthus roseus flower picture by Guillaume Picard (cc-by-sa)
Catharanthus roseus flower picture by Bhuvaneshwari Billemane (cc-by-sa)
Catharanthus roseus flower picture by amn hkm (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Catharanthus roseus fruit picture by Lisa Ani (cc-by-sa)
Catharanthus roseus fruit picture by Lisa Ani (cc-by-sa)
Catharanthus roseus fruit picture by Lisa Ani (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Catharanthus roseus world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Anguilla, Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Botswana, China, Cameroon, Cook Islands, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Spain, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Morocco, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Montserrat, Martinique, Malaysia, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niue, Nauru, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Puerto Rico, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, eSwatini, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77880-1
WFO ID wfo-0000819442
COL ID RTT8
BDTFX ID 124796
INPN ID 446917
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lochnera rosea Vinca rosea Vinca speciosa Ammocallis rosea Pervinca rosea Pervinca rosea Lachnea rosea Vinca rosea var. albiflora Lochnera rosea var. flava Vinca guilelmi-waldemarii Catharanthus roseus var. albus Vinca rosea var. alba Lochnera rosea var. alba Catharanthus roseus

Lower taxons

Catharanthus roseus var. angustus Catharanthus roseus var. roseus