Cecropia peltata L.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Urticaceae > Cecropia

Characteristics

Tree up to 15 m tall. Branchlets 1.5-3.5(-6) cm thick, hispidulous to puberulous, partly with uncinate hairs; prostomata present. Stipules 5-10(-15) cm long, caducous, hirtellous to hirsute outside; petiole up to 50(-80) cm long, sometimes with dense, arachnoid hairs, trichilia present, these without long, white hairs; blade subcoriaceous, ca. 15-60 x 15-60 cm, incisions (7-)8-10, down to 1/2-3/4 the distance between outline and petiole, upper surface scabrous, lower surface on the veins hirtellous to puberulous, partly with uncinate hairs or pilose, and with arachnoid hairs in the areoles and on the smaller veins, or sometimes also on the main veins; secondary veins of the free part of the midsegment 9-15 pairs, mostly branched, submarginally loop-connected. Staminate inflorescences: peduncle patent to pendulous, 2-10(-15) cm long; spathe 3-8 cm long, usually with (rather) dense, arachnoid hairs; spikes (4-)12-25(-30), stipitate, 1.5-8 x 0.2-0.3 cm; perianth glabrous at the apex, glabrous or with sparse, minute hairs below the apex; anthers after abscission attached to the perianth by the appendages of the thecae Pistillate inflorescences: peduncle patent, 2-14 cm long; spathe 3-8 cm long, usually with (rather) dense, arachnoid hairs; spikes (3-)4-6, usually (sub)sessile, 2.5-7 x 0.4-0.5 cm, in fruit up to 12.5 x 1.5 cm; perianth with arachnoid hairs to near the aperture of the perianth; stigma (sub)peltate. Fruit 1.5-2 mm long, tuberculate.
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Trees 6-20 m. tall with stout, seldom-branching trunks, the young branches stout, hispidulous to glabrate. Mature leaves divided about midway to the center or scarcely beyond, scabridulous above, paler and densely arachnoid-villosulose to glabrate beneath, the lobes usually 9-11, not contracted toward the base or scarcely so, obtuse to rounded at the tip, the petioles densely and minutely hirtellous, with a ferruginous-velutinous basal pulvinus; stipules about 6-9 cm. long, hirtellous. Staminate spadices in clusters of 12-30, 3-5 cm. long, about 4 mm. in diameter, with slender hirtellous stipes about 3-5 mm. long, the spathes 4-6 cm. long shortly before anthesis, broadly conic-oblongoid, densely white-arachnoid-villous, the common peduncle 7-10 cm. long after anthesis, slender, minutely hirtellous. Pistillate spadices in clusters of 4-6, at anthesis about 4-5 cm. long and 5 mm. in diameter, in fruit about 5-10 cm. long and 1 cm. in diameter, subsessile or with very inconspicuous stipes, the spathes as in the staminate inflorescences, the common peduncle about 7-8 cm. long at anthesis, somewhat accrescent in fruit.
Tree to c. 20 m high, with stilt-roots; stems with distinct leaf scars and hollow internodes; branchlets hispidulous. Leaves: lamina c. (10–) 20–60 cm diam., (7–) 8–12-lobed, upper surface scabrous, lower surface pale, minutely pubescent; lobes oblong or elliptic, entire, apex short-acuminate to rounded; lateral venation marginally loop-connected, usually branched; petiole (10–) 20–50 cm long, puberulous to pubescent, basally with a mass of glandular trichomes; stipules 3–10 (–15) cm long, bifurcate, stigose, turning reddish or brown before abscission. Inflorescence erect to pendulous, peduncles mostly 2–12 cm long; spathe 2.5–7 cm long, puberulous to pubescent. Male flowers in spikes 0.5–6 cm long, mostly in clusters of 15–25; perianth 1–1.5 mm long, pubescent near apex. Female flowers basally connate, in spikes 1–4 cm long, elongating to 9 cm long in fruit, in clusters of 2–4; perianth 1–1.5 mm long, pubescent near apex; stigma peltate. Achene ovoid to ellipsoid, c. 2+ mm long, brown, tuberculate. [See also Zich et al. (2020).]
A medium sized evergreen tree. It can grow 15-20 m high. The trunk can be 50 cm across. The trunk and branches are hollow. The leaves are large and have 7-9 lobes arranged like fingers on a hand. The leaves have lobes which are shield shaped. The leaves are downy underneath and shiny on top. The leaves can be 60 cm across. The flowers are pale yellow and showy. They are in fingered clusters on long stems. They are sweet and edible. The fruit is cylindrical, hollow with soft sweet flesh. They are 12 cm long. They are edible. There are many small seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to tropical America. It has moderate drought and cold tolerance. In Costa Rica it grows from sea level to 1,200 m altitude. It is best with a humus-rich, well-drained soil. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
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Moist limestone, cleared land. Chiefly in pastures or second-growth, often in thickets or modified forest, at 900 metres or less.
Most likely to be found growing in wetter habitats such as riparian zones and dry rainforest remnants (Zich et al. 2020).
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Grown in gardens as an ornamental. Various other uses, including edible fruits, medicinal, reclamation or reforestation, fibre, light construction wood, etc. (see Fern 2014). The hollow branches and leaf petioles can be cut and used as blow tubes or trumpets.
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The fruit is eaten fresh. The young pods are cooked as a potherb. The young buds are cooked and eaten. The young leaves and flowers are used in broth.
Uses eating fiber fibre food fuel material medicinal ornamental potherb tea timber wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Asthma (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Blennorrhagia (unspecified), Callus (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Caustic (unspecified), Chorea (unspecified), Corn (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Fumitory (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Herpes (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Obesity (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Scorpion (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They are slow to germinate. They can be grown from cuttings of half ripe wood.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Cecropia peltata leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cecropia peltata leaf picture by nparker85 (cc-by-sa)
Cecropia peltata leaf picture by Fabien Anthelme (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cecropia peltata flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cecropia peltata flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cecropia peltata flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Cecropia peltata fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Cecropia peltata world distribution map, present in Australia, Belize, Brazil, Barbados, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Panama, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Cecropia peltata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:850956-1
WFO ID wfo-0000592298
COL ID RZSY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448394
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cecropia goodspeedii Cecropia hondurensis Cecropia scabrifolia Cecropia schiedeana Ambaiba humboldtiana Ambaiba peltata Ambaiba propinqua Ambaiba schiedeana Ambaiba surinamensis Cecropia arachnoidea Cecropia asperrima Cecropia dielsiana Cecropia humboldtiana Cecropia propinqua Cecropia surinamensis Cecropia argentea Cecropia digitata var. grisea Coilotapalus peltata Collotapalus peltata Cecropia peltata