Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.

Oriental bittersweet (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Celastrales > Celastraceae > Celastrus

Characteristics

Deciduous twining shrubs; branchlets glabrous, gray-brown or brown, with sparse and inconspicuous lenticels; axillary buds small, ovate to elliptic, 1-3 mm. Petiole slender, 1-2 cm; leaf blade generally broadly ovate, suborbicular, or rectangular-elliptic, 5-13 × 3-9 cm, glabrous or abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins, base broadly cuneate to obtuse-orbicular, margin serrate, apex broadly rounded, muriculate, or shortly acuminate; secondary veins 3-5 pairs. Cymes axillary, sometimes terminal, 1-3 cm, 1-7-flowered; pedicels jointed below middle or nearly to base. Male flowers: sepals obtuse-triangular; petals obovate-elliptic to rectangular, 3-4 × 2-2.5 mm; disk shallowly cupuliform, lobe shallow, apex rounded-obtuse; stamens 2-3 mm. Female flowers: corolla relatively shorter than that of male flower; disk slightly thick, carnose; staminodes very short; ovary approximately globose; styles ca. 1.5 mm; stigma deeply 3-lobed, lobe apex shallowly 2-lobed. Capsule approximately globose, 8-13 mm wide, yellow, 3-valved. Seeds elliptic, slightly flat, 4-5 × 2.5-3 mm, reddish brown; aril orange-red. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
More
Deciduous, ± glabrous climber up to 12 m high, usually dioecious or gynodioecious. Twigs green; the outermost scales of the winter buds often transformed into sharp spines 1-2 mm long. Branches terete, greyish brown. Lvs suborbicular, obovate or elliptic, obtuse to acuminate at apex, crenate, (3)-5-10 cm long. Petiole (0.5)-1-2 cm long. Cymes 1-many-flowered, shortly pedunculate, axillary. Fls c. 4-10 mm diam. Petals pale green, narrowly oblong, separated, often reduced in ♀. Capsule globose, yellow to yellow-orange, 6-8 mm diam., exposing the scarlet aril after opening.
A large vigourous climber which grows 7.5-12 m tall. The leaves are almost round and scalloped. The leaves have pointed tips. The leaves turn yellow in autumn. Male and female flowers are usually on separate plants. The flowers are small and green. The fruit are bead like and yellow. These split open to reveal scarlet coated seeds.
Vines 40+ m. Leaves: blade suborbiculate to broadly oblong-obovate or ovate-orbiculate, 4–6 × 3–5 cm, aestivation conduplicate. Inflorescences axillary, cymes, 1–2 cm. Staminate flowers: pollen white. Capsules yellow when mature, globose, 7–10 mm diam., glabrous. Seeds orange, ellipsoid, 6 mm. 2n = 46.
Much like no. 1 [Celastrus scandens L.]; lvs suborbicular to broadly oblong-obovate; fls few in small axillary cymes much shorter than the subtending lvs; 2n=46. Native of e. Asia, established as an escape in open woods and thickets here and there from Conn. s.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 8.0
Mature height (meter) 9.1 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is frost hardy. It can tolerate drought. It will grow in most soils. In China it grows between 400-2,200 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 4-9. In Sichuan.
More
Thickets on grassy slopes in lowland and mountains all over Japan. Forest edges in China.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The young shoots are eaten in spring.
Uses environmental use fiber food material medicinal oil ornamental
Edible leaves shoots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The seeds are spread by birds. Plants can be grown from seeds or from root cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -32
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Celastrus orbiculatus habit picture by max (cc-by-sa)
Celastrus orbiculatus habit picture by Seth Morris (cc-by-sa)
Celastrus orbiculatus habit picture by tufty_jam_bean (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Celastrus orbiculatus leaf picture by max (cc-by-sa)
Celastrus orbiculatus leaf picture by Milo Aquarius (cc-by-sa)
Celastrus orbiculatus leaf picture by Milo Aquarius (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Celastrus orbiculatus flower picture by Erin Gleeson (cc-by-sa)
Celastrus orbiculatus flower picture by Erin Gleeson (cc-by-sa)
Celastrus orbiculatus flower picture by Diane Libby (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Celastrus orbiculatus fruit picture by Zachary Holderby (cc-by-sa)
Celastrus orbiculatus fruit picture by William Coville (cc-by-sa)
Celastrus orbiculatus fruit picture by Philip Enteles (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Celastrus orbiculatus world distribution map, present in Canada, China, Japan, Liberia, New Zealand, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Thailand, Tajikistan, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:927512-1
WFO ID wfo-0000592852
COL ID S2YQ
BDTFX ID 14946
INPN ID 89458
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Celastrus insularis Celastrus jeholensis Celastrus strigillosus Catha articulata Celastrus articulatus Celastrus crispulus Celastrus lancifolius Celastrus tatarinowii Celastrus versicolor Celastrus articulata Ilex leucantha Celastrus articulatus var. pubescens Celastrus articulatus var. stephanotiifolius Celastrus orbiculatus var. punctatus Celastrus orbiculatus f. major Celastrus orbiculatus