Celtis luzonica Warb.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Cannabaceae > Celtis

Characteristics

Tree up to 30 m, 90 cm ø. Bark smooth yellowish-grey. Innovations sparsely set with minute simple hairs, glabrescent. Terminal bud ovoid, c. 6-10 by 3-5 mm. Stipules ovate, thick, glabrous, peltately attached and overlapping, c. 5-10 by 3-5 mm. Leaves broad elliptic to elliptic-oblong, thick-coriaceous, glabrous, (8-)12-16(-19) by (5-)8-10 (-12) cm, index (1¼ —)1½ (—2); base rounded, symmetrical; margin entire, undulate, apex rounded with blunt and sometimes emarginate tip; midrib and nerves raised beneath, flattish to shal-lowly impressed above; nerves 2-3 pairs, ascending and arcuating, at least at an angle of 55° with the midrib, anastomosing and looped along the margin, the lowest pair running up to ⅔ — ¾ the length of the leaf; reticulations irregular to subscalariform, sparse, distinct beneath or obscure on both surfaces; petiole 10-20 by 1½-2(-3)mm, flat or shallowly sulcate. Flowers 5-merous. Inflorescences ♂ or ♂ ⚥, much-branched panicles or racemose, up to 150-flowered, up to 10 cm long, axillary or sub-terminal, including the bracts sparsely puberulous, glabrescent; bracts ovate, minute, c. 1 by ½ mm. ♂ Flower c. 1½-2 mm ø; perianth lobes c. 1½-2 by 1 mm; filaments 1½-2 mm, anthers subreniform, c. 1-1½ by ½-l mm; pistillode ovoid-conical, compressed, c. 1 by ½ mm. ⚥ Flowers ovoid-conical, borne at the distal parts of the inflorescence, 2½-3 by 2-2½ mm; perianth lobes c. 1½-2 by 1-1½ mm; filaments c. l-1½ nim, anthers c. ¾ by ½ mm; ovary ± compressed, sparsely pubescent apically, c. 2-2½ by 1-1½ mm stigmatic arms spreading or incurved, broadened and shallowly bifid at the tip. Infructescence with a stout axis 2-3 mm thick, bearing up to 10 fruits. Fruit globose, glabrous, 16-20 by 14-18 mm, ± terete, reddish-brown when ripe; endocarp 4-lobed and splitting at maturity; embryo curved, hypocotyle ascending, cotyledons foliaceous, equal, folded; endosperm very scanty to nearly absent.
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A large tree. It grows up to 40 m tall. The trunk is 1 m across and long, and tapers to a narrow crown. The trunk often has buttresses. The bark is 1.2 cm thick. It is smooth, except for some blisters and some ridges running across the trunk. The inner bark has a red-brown "salt and pepper" pattern on it. The leaves are simple and alternate. They are oval but can be unequal on opposite sides of the midrib. They are 7 cm long by 3.5 cm wide. The base of the leaf is rounded and the tip is drawn out to a point. The leaves are leathery. They are dark green and shiny on top, and light green underneath. The flowers occur in branched clusters, either in the axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. The flowers are small and yellow-green, with a faint smell. They can be separately male and female on the same plant or both flower sexes can occur together. The fruit is a round fleshy fruit, with one hard seed or stone inside. It has thin flesh and is pointed at the tip. It is shiny blue-black when ripe.
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 30.0
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In thickets and forests at low altitude. Fl. fr. March-July.
More
A tropical plant. It grows in lowland rainforests.
Thickets and forests at low elevations.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaves have been recorded as being eaten.
Uses material wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
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Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
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Distribution

Celtis luzonica world distribution map, present in Philippines, Russian Federation, and Taiwan, Province of China

Conservation status

Celtis luzonica threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:851105-1
WFO ID wfo-0000593619
COL ID S4S2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Celtis luzonica