Celtis mildbraedii Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Cannabaceae > Celtis

Characteristics

Evergreen or deciduous tree 3-40 m tall, monoecious; branches often drooping; bole with buttresses, bark pale, smooth or scaling in small disks; young twigs tawny-pubescent. Leaves (7.5)9-15 x 4-5(8) cm, elliptic to elliptic-obovate; apex long acuminate, ± mucronate; base cuneate, slightly asymmetrical; margin obscurely crenate to coarsely dentate in the upper half; lamina chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, 3-nerved from the base with the basal lateral nerves not or hardly extending into the upper half; upper lateral nerves (2)3-6 on each side of the midrib, prominent above, less strongly prominent than the midrib beneath, making an angle of more than 45 degrees with the midrib; very young leaves sparsely tawny-pubescent, soon glabrous; petiole 3-10 mm long; stipules 4-5 mm long, lanceolate, tawny-pubescent. Cymes 4-15 mm long, of many, rarely few, often crowded male flowers with pedicels up to 2 mm long, female and bisexual flowers 1 or few at the apex of the cyme; uppermost cymules of the inflorescence with several bisexual flowers. Sepals 5, 1.5-2 mm long, pubescent. Ovary often with a ring of sparse hairs at the base otherwise subglabrous; styles once or twice-branched, c. 5 mm long. Fruits red, 7-10 x 5-6 mm, ovoid-ellipsoid, 4-ribbed when dry, glabrous; pedicels 8-13(20) mm long.
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Evergreen or deciduous monoecious tree, 3–45 m. tall, with sharp buttresses and pale smooth bark, scaling in small discs.. Young twigs tawny pubescent.. Leaf-blades chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, elliptic or more usually obovate to obovate-oblong, 6.5–15 cm. long, 4.5–6 cm. wide, long-acuminate, ± cuneate and unequal-sided at the base, obscurely to distinctly and coarsely toothed in the upper half, glabrescent except for a few hairs on the veins beneath, 3-nerved from the base, with the basal lateral nerves extending little into the upper half and the upper prominent lateral nerves 3–6 on each side of the midrib; petiole 3–7 mm. long.. Stipules lanceolate, 4–7 mm. long, pubescent.. Cymes short, 5–15 mm. long in flower, up to 30 mm. in fruit, mostly with many clustered ♂ flowers and usually only 1 longer pedicelled ♀ or hermaphroditeflower at the top, but the uppermost cymules with several hermaphrodite flowers.. Sepals 5, 1–2 mm. long, pubescent.. Ovary subglabrous, often with a few hairs in a ring at the base; styles 1–2-branched, 4–5 mm. long.. Fruits on 8–13(–20) mm. long pedicels, ovoid-ellipsoid, conspicuously 4-ribbed when dried, 7–10 mm. long, 5–7 mm. across, red, glabrous.
Leaves (7.5)9–15 x 4–5(8) cm., elliptic to elliptic-obovate; apex long acuminate, ± mucronate; base cuneate, slightly asymmetrical; margin obscurely crenate to coarsely dentate in the upper half; lamina chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, venation as in C. gomphophylla but upper lateral nerves beneath less strongly prominent than the midrib, making an angle of more than 45 degrees with the midrib; very young leaves sparsely tawny-pubescent, soon glabrous; petiole 3–10 mm. long; stipules 4–5 mm. long, lanceolate, tawny-pubescent.
Evergreen to deciduous tree, 3-40 m high, buttressed, branches often drooping, bark pale, smooth or scaling in discs; young twigs tawny-pubescent. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-obovate, acuminate, ± mucronate, base cuneate, obscurely crenate to coarsely dentate in upper half. Inflorescence: male flowers in many cymes, often crowded; female and bisexual flowers 1-few at apex. Tepals pubescent. Fruits red ovoid-ellipsoid; pedicels 3-13 mm long.
Cymes 4–15 mm. long, of many, rarely few, often crowded male flowers with pedicels up to 2 mm. long, female and bisexual flowers 1 or few at the apex of the cyme; uppermost cymules of the inflorescence with several bisexual flowers.
Evergreen or deciduous tree 3–40 m. tall, monoecious; branches often drooping; bole with buttresses, bark pale smooth or scaling in small disks; young twigs tawny-pubescent.
Clean straight bole, well-developed buttresses and relatively smooth bark compared the preceding species (Celtis zenkeri)
Ovary often with a ring of sparse hairs at the base otherwise subglabrous; styles once or twice-branched, c. 5 mm. long.
A shrub or small tree. It can grow from 2-55 m tall. The trunk is 30-100 cm across. It has sharp buttresses.
Fruits red, 7–10 x 5–6 mm., ovoid-ellipsoid, 4-ribbed when dry, glabrous; pedicels 8–13(20) mm. long.
Slash with alternating layers of cream and brown.
Sepals 5, 1.5–2 mm. long, pubescent.
A forest tree, to 120 ft. high
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.3 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 40.0
Root system -
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Flower color -
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Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Uncommon to abundant in semi-deciduous rain forests at elevations from 200-1,600 metres. Lowland and submontane forest.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in rain forests between 200-1,600 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit is eaten as a snack.
Uses environmental use fuel material medicinal tea wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Images

Habit

Celtis mildbraedii habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Celtis mildbraedii world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mayotte, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Celtis mildbraedii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:837002-1
WFO ID wfo-0000593631
COL ID S4SD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807237
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Celtis bequaertii Celtis compressa Celtis franksiae Celtis mildbraedii Celtis usambarensis Celtis dubia