Chamaecrista absus (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Tropical sensitive pea (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Chamaecrista

Characteristics

Annual herb, sometimes slightly woody, with erect, sparsely to densely branching (when sometimes ± procumbent due, probably, to browsing or cutting) stems (0.1-)0.3-0.6(-1) m high, the whole plant glandular, viscid. Stems terete, faintly ridged, villous to pilose (densely so in young parts, becoming sparser with age), hairs scattered, straight, ± patent, white, glandular-based (apices eventually falling or breaking to leave the sticky bases), usually with more numerous, fine, shorter, ± curved, white hairs intermixed. Leaves variable in size: petiole and rhachis 1-5 cm long; stipules linear-subulate, ±3 mm long, ±0.3 mm wide, with a clearly defined main vein, ± pilose, tardily deciduous; petiole 0.7-4.3 cm long including basal pulvinus; petiolar gland lacking; rhachis with a sessile, ± flattened and bract-like, or slender and finger-like, acute to acuminate, pale gland between each pair of leaflets; leaflets in 2 pairs, obovate, elliptic or sub-orbicular, (0.5-)1-4.7 cm long, 0.5-3.3 cm wide, uppermost pair usually largest, bases asymmetric, apices obtuse, less frequently rounded, usually mucronate, margins slightly thickened, pilose with stiffer glandular-based and shorter soft white hairs intermingled; surfaces glandular (glands sessile, numerous), velutinous to sparsely villous with fine, white, straight, usually patent, sometimes ± appressed hairs. Inflorescences terminating main stems and branches (never axillary), racemes 1-6(-8) cm long, ±10-flowered. Bracts 3-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, ovate, acuminate, persistent; pedicels at flowering ±3 mm long, at fruiting 5-9 mm long. Sepals obtuse. Petals sub-equal, obovate to ± spathulate, 5-6 mm long, ±2.5 mm wide, yellow, orange, salmon or pinkish-red, veins usually reddish-brown. Stamens 5, all fertile, sub-equal, dehiscence apical at first, without clearly defined pores, becoming longitudinal. Ovaries strigose with dense, bristle-like white hairs; styles slightly curved, dark-coloured, glabrous; stigmas slightly expanded into a ± hooded fan-shaped lobe with finely ciliate margin. Pods oblong-linear, straight to slightly curved, (2.5-)3-5.5 cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, compressed, sutures thickened, pubescent, valves setose to pilose with scattered, rather stiff, glandular-based hairs, with or without fine soft hairs intermixed, dehiscent. Seeds few per pod, laterally flattened, elliptic, subrhombic or suborbicular, 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, testa dark brown to black, shining, marked with longitudinal rows of lighter dots; areoles acking.
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Annual erect sticky herb, sometimes woody at the base. Stems terete, lightly ridged, hirsute with hispid and glandular hairs of various lengths. Leaves paripinnate; rachis 3-5.5 cm long; stipules 3-6 x 0.5-1 mm, narrowly triangular, hirsute with glandular hairs; petiolar glands absent; leaflets in 2 pairs, 1.7-4.7 x 1.2-3.2 cm, broadly elliptic to broadly obovate, cuneate on proximal side, rounded on distal, apex rounded to obtuse or broadly acute, mucronulate, base asymmetric, sparsely appressed-pubescent on both surfaces; midrib median; 0-1 lateral nerves from base on proximal side, 1-2 on distal side. Inflorescences terminal, racemose, becoming leaf-opposed through growth of an axillary bud; bracts c. 2.5 x 1.5 mm, ovate, base cordate, apex acuminate; pedicels 0.3-1 cm long, with 1-2 minute bracteoles. Sepals 4.1-6.3 x 1.7-3 mm, glandular-hairy outside. Petals yellow, buff or orange, usually with darker markings, 6.5-8.7 x 3-4 mm, including the 1.5 mm long claw, broadly obovate. Stamens 5-6, subequal. Ovary 4 mm long, densely appressed-hairy; style c. 2 mm long, glabrous; stigma subterminal, oblique. Pods 4-5 x 0.6-0.8 cm, oblong, sparsely glandular-hairy. Seeds black, shiny with scattered surface pitting and brown dots, 5-6.5 x 3.5-5 mm, rhomboid to elliptic in outline, flattened.
Herb or small shrub up to 60(-100) cm, sticky through viscid bristles. Leaves with 2 (or 1) pair(s) of leaflets; stipules linear, acute, 2-4 mm; petiole viscid-bristly, 2.5-3.5 cm; rachis 5-8 mm with a tiny, 0.5 mm long, ligulate-acute gland between each pair of leaflets. Leaflets subsessile, membranous, very unequal-sided, ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 by 1-2 cm, apex rounded or acute, base rounded or cuneate; puberulous or pubescent on both surfaces. Racemes terminal or axillary, 4-12 cm long, lax-flowered, shortly pedunculate; bracts ovate-auriculate, 2 mm; bracteoles very small; pedicels 3-4 mm, velutinous. Sepals narrowly ovate, 3-4 mm, with glandular hairs outside. Petals yellow turning brick-red, obovate, subequal, 5-7 mm, claw short. Stamens 5, subequal; filaments c. 2 mm; anthers 1-2 mm, with lateral rims opening at apex and gradually downwards to the base; staminodes absent. Ovary densely strigose; style glabrous; stigma spathulate, recurved, ciliate. Pods flat, on a 5 mm long stalk; strap-shaped, 4-5 by 0.7-0.8 cm. Seeds 5-8, ovate, flattish, 3-4 mm.
An evergreen shrub. It grows 5 m high and spreads 3 m wide. The stem is slender and erect. The branches are spreading. The leaves are alternate and have 4 triangle shaped leaflets. They are 2.5 cm long. The flowers are yellow. They are in clusters at the ends of branches. The fruit are long, flat, pointed pods.
Semi-erect herb, up to 0.6 m high, glandular, viscid. Leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets only. Flowers 5-6 mm long. Pods oblong-linear, 30-555 x 5-8 mm, valves setose to pilose with scattered, rather stiff, glandular-based hairs. Flowers yellow.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.0
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Ruderal localities, old farmland, along roadsides, in grassy savannah, in open localities in deciduous bushland, on granite outcrops and on sand dunes, from sea-level up to 1,700 metres.
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A tropical plant. It will grow in most soils. They need to be well-drained. It is damaged by frost or drought.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The raw pods are eaten fresh.
Uses animal food dye food material medicinal poison
Edible fruits leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Bronchitis (leaf), Cathartics (leaf), Conjunctivitis (leaf), Cough (leaf), Endophthalmitis (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Leprosy (leaf), Pruritus (leaf), Sexually transmitted diseases (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Skin diseases, infectious (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Yaws (leaf), Antifungal agents (root), Astringents (root), Cathartics (root), Conjunctivitis (root), Constipation (root), Endophthalmitis (root), Eye diseases (root), Anthelmintics (seed), Anti-arrhythmia agents (seed), Antidepressive agents (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Asthma (seed), Astringents (seed), Bronchitis (seed), Cathartics (seed), Conjunctivitis (seed), Constipation (seed), Cough (seed), Diuretics (seed), Dyspepsia (seed), Endophthalmitis (seed), Eye diseases (seed), Headache (seed), Hematologic diseases (seed), Hemorrhage (seed), Hemostasis (seed), Hypertension (seed), Malaria (seed), Pain (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Scabies (seed), Sexually transmitted diseases (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Skin diseases, infectious (seed), Vitiligo (seed), Migraine disorders (stem), Astringent (unspecified), Cataract (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Parasiticide (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Allergens (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Endophthalmitis (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds. The seeds need treatment before planting.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 20
Germination temperacture (C°) 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Chamaecrista absus unspecified picture

Distribution

Chamaecrista absus world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Botswana, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Jamaica, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Netherlands, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Chamaecrista absus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:54310-2
WFO ID wfo-0000214645
COL ID TJ5X
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807243
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Grimaldia absus Senna exigua Cassia viscida Chamaecrista absus Grimaldia opifera Cassia babylonica Cassia exigua Cassia thonningii Senna quadrifolia Cassia foliolis Cassia coccinea Cassia acacalis Senna absus Cassia viscosa Grimaldia absus Cassia absus Chamaecrista absus var. absus Cassia absus

Lower taxons

Chamaecrista absus var. meonandra