Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene

Chamaecrista (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Chamaecrista

Characteristics

Annual, or short-lived perennial herb (a plant may persist into a second season, or longer under especially favourable conditions but a perennial, rhizomatous underground system from which new aerial shoots arise annually is never developed), up to 1.6 m high with erect, simple or subsimple stem usually branching sparsely above the middle (often prostrate to decumbent soon after germination, later becoming erect), OR ±45-75 cm high and branching from ground level to become ± rounded; tap-root system branching, spreading, often ± woody near ground level. Stems usually slender, sometimes up to 12 mm in diameter and ± woody, usually pubescent with short, curved, appressed upward pointing hairs, or glabrescent, or glabrous. Leaves linear, ± parallel-sided but tapering slightly distally, (33-)40-80(-115) mm long, 3-12 mm wide; stipules falcate (curved in lower half, straight above, persistent, ovate-lanceolate, prominently nerved, base oblique, apex acuminate, surfaces glabrous, margin glabrous to shortly ciliate; petiolar gland variable, either sessile, elliptic, projecting laterally over petiole, 0.7-1.7 mm long by 0.5-1(-1.3) mm wide, yellow becoming red or pink at maturity and brown when dry, OR sessile or subsessile, circular to circular-elliptic, (0.2-)0.4(-0.6) mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm wide, pale yellow margined with a dark yellowish or reddish-brown central zone; rhachis crested adaxially, crests symmetrically or asymmetrically crenate or serrate in profile and shallowly channelled above with the margins of the channel usually ciliate; leaflets sessile, in (28-)35-65 pairs, linear, 3-8 mm long, 0.3-1.3 mm wide, base oblique, apex asymmetric, mucronate, surfaces glabrous, or glabrescent to pubescent especially beneath, midrib excentric, lateral nerves developed towards both margins, prominulous beneath. Inflorescences supra-axillary (occasionally 2 inflorescences develop at different points on the same internode), 3-1-flowered, bracts resembling stipules and persisting with them to become conspicuous after the leaves have fallen; pedicels, at flowering, (5-)8-14(-25) mm long, velutinous with short patent hairs, or pubescent with appressed, curved hairs. Petals obovate, 5-7(-10) mm long, pale cream or yellow to bright yellow, not much exceeding sepals that are brownish often tinged with red. Ovaries lanate with fine, ± matted, curled to straight, greyish-white hairs, OR strigose with dense, straight, appressed greyish-white hairs. Pods 35-50 mm long, 3-5.5 mm wide, valves ± lanate to villous with scattered, fine, ± matted, curled hairs. Seeds rhombic, 3-4 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, testa shining brown with lines of darker dots, areole lacking.
More
Herb with woody base or low shrub up to 1 m, erect or decumbent; branches appres-sed pubescent. Leaves with 20-80 pairs of leaflets, sensitive to touch; stipules linear, acute, 5-10 mm, persistent; petioles 3-10 mm, with a flat, discoid, sessile gland just below the lowest pair of leaflets; rachis serrate or crenate, crested along upper side, not canaliculate, sparsely pubescent, 3-10 cm. Leaflets sessile, linear, very unequal-sided with more or less parallel sides, (2-)4-8 by 1-2 mm (middle ones), glabrous, sparsely ciliate along the margins; apex acute mucronate, base oblique truncate. Flowers supra-axillary, mostly solitary, sometimes 2 or 3 together in a very short raceme; bracts like the stipules; bracteoles similar to the stipules but smaller; pedicels pubescent, 5-10 mm. Sepals lanceolate, 4-8 mm long. Petals bright yellow, obovate to orbicular, equal to or slightly longer than sepals, claw short. Stamens 10-7, filaments 1-2 mm, anthers straight, 2-4 mm, opening by apical pores. Ovary covered with stiff, appressed hairs; style glabrous, recurved; stigma flat, ciliate. Pods flat, strap-shaped, with scattered appressed hairs to nearly glabrous, 3-6 by 0.5 cm. Seeds 10-20, brown, smooth, flat, 4 by 2 mm.
Herbs, suffrutescent, annual or perennial, with woody base, 30-60 cm tall, or low shrubs to 1 m tall, with many slen­der, puberulent branches. Leaves 4-8 cm, with an orbicular, dis­coid, sessile gland in upper part of petiole, below lowest pair of leaflets; stipules persistent, linear-subulate, 4-7 mm, with con­spicuous longitudinal veins; rachis not canaliculate, sparsely pubescent; leaflets sessile, 20-50(-80) pairs, reddish brown when dry, linear-falcate, 3-4 × ca. 1 mm, midvein near upper margin of blade, very unequally sided, base obliquely truncate, apex acute, mucronate. Flowers supra-axillary, mostly solitary, sometimes 2 or 3 together in a very short raceme; bracts and bracteoles similar to stipules but latter smaller. Sepals lanceo­late, 4-8 mm, apex acute. Petals bright yellow, unequal, obo­vate to orbicular, equal to or slightly longer than sepals, shortly clawed. Stamens 10, alternately 5 shorter and 5 longer; anthers opening by apical pores. Ovary with stiff, appressed hairs; stig­ma flat. Legume flat, falcate, 2.5-5 × ca. 0.5 cm. Seeds 10-20, flat, smooth. 2n = 16.
A herb or small shrub. It can grow each year from seed or keep growing from year to year. It grows to 1 m high. The stem are wiry and come from a woody rootstock. It is a very variable plant. The leaves are 3-8 cm long and are made up of 20-80 pairs of small leaflets. These are 0.5 cm long by 0.1 cm wide. They are very narrow, thin and crowded. The leaf stalk has a round gland near the top. They have sharp points. They clasp one another along the stalk. They are sensitive to touch. The flowers are about 2 cm across. They occur either on their own or as 2-3 together. They occur in the axils of upper leaves. They are bright yellow. The fruit are straight narrow pods. The pods are 3-4 cm long and 0.5 cm across. They are flattened. There are about 20-25 seeds.
Leaves paripinnate, 7–11(13) × 0.8–1(1.4) cm; stipules 6–11 × 1–2 mm, very narrowly triangular, apex long-acuminate, base rounded, asymmetric, surfaces and margins glabrous; petiolar gland single, dark to pale, 0.3–0.6 × 0.3–0.9 mm, elliptic to circular, sessile to shortly stalked (to 0.3 mm), usually shallowly cup-shaped; rachis crenate-crested; leaflets in (31)40–59 pairs, 3.8–5(8) × 0.7–1.2(1.4) mm, narrowly oblong, asymmetric, base asymmetrically truncate, apex acute to obtuse, shortly mucronate; margins sparsely ascending-ciliate, surfaces glabrous or with at most a few scattered hairs; midrib 0.2 mm from distal margin; 0–2 lateral nerves from base on proximal side of midrib, 2–4 on distal side, often indistinct.
Erect, annual or short-lived perennial to 1.5 m tall; stems with short, crisped hairs. Leaves linear-oblong in outline; stipules acuminate, 4-8 mm long; petiole 1-2 mm long, with sessile, slightly concave gland 0.4 mm diam.; rachis 5-8.5 cm long, crested adaxially; crests crenate or serrulate in profile, sometimes ciliate; leaflets 20-75 pairs, linear, 1.5-5 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, glabrous with marginal cilia; midrib excentric. Inflorescences supra-axillary, 1-3-flowered; pedicels 8-15 mm long. Sepals slightly shorter than petals. Petals obovate, 5-7 (-10) mm long. Stamens 10; anthers irregular in size, to c. 3 mm long. Ovary pubescent. Pod 3-5 cm long, 3.5-4.5 mm wide, appressed-pubescent.
Annual, occasionally perennial herb, 0.1-1.6 m high; with erect stem or branching from ground-level to become ± rounded. Leaves: petiolar gland either sessile elliptic, projecting laterally over petiole, yellow becoming red or pink when mature, or sessile circular elliptic, pale yellow margined with a dark central zone. Leaflets sessile in 35-36 pairs, apex asymmetric. Inflorescences 1-3-flowered racemes. Petals pale cream-coloured or yellow to bright yellow, not much exceeding sepals. Pod: valves are ± lanate to villous with scattered hairs. Seeds rhombic, testa shiny brown with lines of darker dots, areole lacking.
Annual or short-lived, perennial herb, up to 0.75 m high. Stems erect, slender, rootstock absent. Leaves with blade linear, 40-80 x 3-12 mm, leaflets in 35-65 pairs, linear, 3-8 x 0.31.3 mm; petiolar gland variable, either sessile or subsessile; rachis crested adaxially. Flowers: inflorescence 1-3-flowered; petals 5-7 mm long, pale cream-coloured or yellow to bright yellow; Jan.-Mar. Pods 35-45 x 3-4 mm.
Annual or short-lived perennial herb, up to 1.6 m high, fibrous-rooted. Leaf rhachis with adaxial surface crested. Petals usually 5.0-7.5 mm long. Flowers pale cream or yellow to bright yellow.
Inflorescences supra-axillary, usually 2–3-flowered; pedicels 0.25–2 cm long in flower, 0.5–2.4 cm in fruit, appressed-pubescent.
Pods 3.7–5.8 × 0.3–0.5 cm, linear, sparsely pubescent with short stiff appressed hairs or with longer more flexuous hairs.
Sepals 5–7.7 × 2–2.8 mm, ovate to narrowly ovate, appressed (or rarely spreading) pubescent outside.
Seeds pale brown, sometimes with small darker spots, 2.2–3 × 1.3–1.8 mm, rounded-rhomboid.
Stems terete, sparsely to densely pubescent with curved appressed hairs.
Ovary densely appressed-pubescent; stigma terminal, fringed with hairs.
Annual erect or decumbent herb, sometimes woody at the base.
Petals yellow, broadly obovate, 4.5–9.5 × 3–7 mm.
Stamens 9–10, four larger than the rest.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in upland savannah and bushland. It is often along rivers and ditches. In Ethiopia it grows between 1,000 and 2,800 metres altitude. In Papua New Guinea it grows between 60 and 1800 m altitude. It grows in grassland and can grow in standing water. It grows from sea level to 1,750 m above sea level. It is often in dry sandy soil. It can grow in arid places.
More
Usually grows in seasonally waterlogged places in sandy soil.
Slopes, wastelands, in bushes, grasslands of southern China.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

UsesOf little use; according to De Wit (l.c.) it has been tried as a green manure in tea plantations on Sumatra. Possible medicinal value is discussed by Quisumbing Med. pl. Philipp. 1951 382. . See also Burkill Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1935 477 K.Heyne Nutt. Pl. Indon. 3 1950 744.
More
The young leaves are used as tea. The shoots and young leaves are cooked and used as a vegetable. The young tender pods are boiled and eaten. The fully ripe seeds are boiled.
Uses animal food environmental use food forage green manure leaf vegetable manure material medicinal social use tea
Edible leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Asthma (fruit), Anthelmintics (leaf), Aphrodisiacs (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Mouth diseases (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Asthma (root), Constipation (root), Diarrhea (root), Parasympatholytics (root), Stomach diseases (root), Whooping cough (root), Anthelmintics (seed), Laxatives (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Whooping cough (seed), Eye (unspecified), Furuncle (unspecified), Herpes (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stomach diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Chamaecrista mimosoides habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Chamaecrista mimosoides habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Chamaecrista mimosoides habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Chamaecrista mimosoides leaf picture by Ravi Kiran (cc-by-sa)
Chamaecrista mimosoides leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Chamaecrista mimosoides leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Chamaecrista mimosoides flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Chamaecrista mimosoides flower picture by Iain Douglas-Hamilton (cc-by-sa)
Chamaecrista mimosoides flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Chamaecrista mimosoides world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mali, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Chamaecrista mimosoides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:54606-2
WFO ID wfo-0000187002
COL ID 5Y25J
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 670751
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cassia angustissima Cassia chamaecrista f. auricoma Nictitella mimosoides Cassia mimosoides Senna sensitiva Senna tenella Cassia amoena Cassia gracillima Cassia guineensis Cassia leschenaultii Cassia myriophylla Cassia thunbergiana Cassia filipendula Chamaecrista angustissima Chamaecrista hecatophylla Cassia sensitiva Cassia hecatophylla Cassia roxburghiana Cassia auricoma var. glabra Cassia mimosoides var. glabriuscula Chamaecrista mimosoides