Annual; stems erect, 1–5 dm, glabrous to villous; petiolar gland saucer-shaped, short-stalked; lfls 7–20 pairs, oblong, 6–15 mm, aristate, usually glabrous; fls solitary or 2–3 together, on pedicels 2–4 mm; pet very unequal, one 6–8 mm and nearly or fully twice as long as the others; stamens 5, unequal, filaments very short; anthers 1.5–3 mm; pods oblong, straight, flat, 2–4 cm × 3–6 mm; 2n=16. Dry, especially sandy soil, upland woods, dunes, and disturbed habitats; Mass. and s. Vt. to N.Y., O., Mo., and Kans., s. to tropical Amer. July–Sept. (C. procumbens; Cassia n.)
Open woods, prairies, thickets, wet or dry shores, on sandy soils, commonly in disturbed habitats. Locally abundant as a weed along roadsides and in cultivated areas, sometimes in coconut plantations in Java.
Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
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