Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench

Leatherleaf (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Chamaedaphne

Characteristics

Shrubs much-branched, 0.2-1.5 m; twigs fulvous; buds with outer scales. Leaves: petiole 1.5-3 mm; blade dull olive green, dark green adaxially, (1-)1.5-5 × 1-1.5 cm, gradually smaller in leafy raceme, proximal mature leaves 3 times as long as wide, base cuneate, apex obtuse or acute, mucronulate, surfaces yellowish-lepidote, densely so abaxially, adaxial midvein lanulose. Inflorescences pendent, 4-12 cm. Pedicels 2-5 mm, densely hairy; bracteoles persistent in fruit, 2, in apices of pedicels, imbricate, margins ciliate, abaxial surface lepidote. Flowers: sepals persistent in fruit, 1.5-3 mm, 1/2 as long as to equaling capsule, 1/3-1/2 times as long as corolla, apex acute or acuminate, margins ciliate, abaxial surface lepidote; corolla 5-7 mm, lobes imbricate in bud, spreading to recurved, ovate, glabrous; nectariferous disc 10-lobed from ovary base to between stamen filaments. Capsules 3-4(-5) mm diam., glabrous; epicarp 5-valved, separating from 10-valved endocarp. Seeds golden brown, 1 mm. 2n = 22.
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Shrubs erect, 0.3–1.5 m tall. Twigs fulvous, densely lepidote and pubescent. Leaf blade oblong or elliptic-oblong, 3–4 × 1–1.5 cm, both surfaces with brownish scales, especially abaxially, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire or inconspicuously denticulate, apex obtuse, mucronulate; upper leaves gradually smaller. Racemes 4–12 cm. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, densely pubescent; bracteoles apical. Petiole 1.5–2.5 mm. Flowers pendent. Calyx lobes ovate, 1.5–3 mm, pubescent and lepidote. Corolla white, tubular-urceolate, 5–6 mm; lobes recurved, ovate. Filaments glabrous. Capsule depressed-globose, 3–4 mm in diam. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul. 2n = 22.
Branching shrub to 1.5 m; petioles 1–3 mm; lvs oblong or elliptic or rarely obovate, 1.5–5 cm, minutely crenulate; pedicels 2–5 mm; cor white, 6–7 mm; 2n=22. In bogs, often forming dense thickets; circumboreal, s. to N.J., O., n. Ind., n. Ill., and (chiefly in the mts.) to N.C. Apr.–June.
An evergreen shrub. The leaves are thick and leathery. They are green above and have rusty scales underneath. The flowers are bell shaped and white. They occur in rows along new growth.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.68 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It needs moist, acid soil. It needs a protected shaded position. It is resistant to frost but damaged by drought.
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Peaty swales, bogs, pine barrens, pond margins etc. Coniferous forests and mossy moors at low elevations in China.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 6-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-4
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-8

Usage

CAUTION Boiling can release a harmful toxin called andromedotoxin. To avoid the toxin the leaves are put into water and put in direct sunlight to produce "sun tea".
Uses beverage medicinal tea
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (leaf), Febrifuge (leaf)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seed or by division. It can be cut back after flowering.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Chamaedaphne calyculata leaf picture by Amy Ehm (cc-by-sa)
Chamaedaphne calyculata leaf picture by Сергей Староверов (cc-by-sa)
Chamaedaphne calyculata leaf picture by max (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Chamaedaphne calyculata flower picture by florian b (cc-by-sa)
Chamaedaphne calyculata flower picture by Verónica Rodríguez Vicente (cc-by-sa)
Chamaedaphne calyculata flower picture by max (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Chamaedaphne calyculata world distribution map, present in Belarus, Canada, China, Estonia, Finland, France, Japan, Liberia, Lithuania, Latvia, Mongolia, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Russian Federation, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Sweden, Ukraine, and United States of America

Conservation status

Chamaedaphne calyculata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1058520-2
WFO ID wfo-0000599524
COL ID TJLJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 762065
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cassandra calyculata Andromeda angustifolia Andromeda calyculata Andromeda crispa Cassandra angustifolia Cassandra angustifolia Chamaedaphne crispa Exolepta calyculata Andromeda calyculata var. anomala Cassandra angustifolia var. anomala Cassandra calyculata var. angustifolia Cassandra calyculata var. latifolia Andromeda calyculata var. ventricosa Cassandra calyculata var. nana Chamaedaphne calyculata

Lower taxons

Chamaedaphne calyculata var. angustifolia Chamaedaphne calyculata var. latifolia Chamaedaphne calyculata var. nana