Chimaphila maculata Pursh

Striped prince's pine (en), Chimaphile (fr), Chimaphile maculée (fr), Pyrole maculée (fr), Pyrole tachetée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Chimaphila

Characteristics

Plants rhizomatous, 1-5.3 dm. Leaves: petiole 3-13 mm, terete or channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade maculate, dull and light green abaxially, shiny and green to dark green with white achlorophyllous tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or ovate, 20-100 × 8-31 mm, base rounded to obtuse or acute, margins coarsely serrate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences (1-)2-5-flowered; peduncle 1(-2) per stem, 4-19 cm, papillose to hispidulous; inflorescence bracts acicular to linear-lanceolate, free portions shorter than pedicels from which they arise, 4-6 × 0.4-0.6 mm, membranous, margins entire. Pedicels (4-)8-25 mm. Flowers: calyx lobes spreading or reflexed in fruit, entirely greenish or margins whitish green, broadly ovate, 1.4-4.1 × 1.3-4.5 mm, margins erose-denticulate, apex rounded to obtuse; petals white or pink, often tinged violet, orbiculate, 6-12 × 4.5-8 mm, margins fimbriate to erose-denticulate; stamens 6-8 mm; filament base 1.2-1.6 mm wide, dilated basal portion densely villous; anthers 2-4 mm, thecae white to tan or pinkish, tubules tan to pinkish brown, 0.8-1.1 mm, abruptly narrowed from thecae, lateral walls not touching, pores 0.3-0.5 × 0.3-0.5 mm; ovary papillose in lines; style 0.5-1 mm; stigma 2-3.5 mm wide. Capsules depressed-globose, 5-10 × 5-10 mm. 2n = 26.
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Flowering branches 1–2 dm tall; lvs 2–7 cm, lanceolate, striped with white along the midvein and to a lesser extent along the primary lateral veins, remotely and sharply toothed, acute to rounded at base, short-petioled; fls (1)2–5 and umbellate, 12–18 mm wide, dilated part of the filaments villous. Dry woods, especially in sandy soil; Me. and N.H. to Mich., s. to S.C., Ga. and Ala. June–Aug., after no. 1 [Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Barton].
A herb. It grows 10-25 cm tall. The stems come from creeping rhizomes. The leaves are dark green with lighter patches along the veins and 2-7 cm long by 1-3 cm wide. The flowers are almost round and white or pink. They are on long stalks. The fruit are small capsules 6-8 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support mycoheterotroph
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.18 - 0.25
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Rich woods. Dry woods. Mostly in pine-oak forest at elevations of 1,300-2,500 metres in Guatemala.
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It is a temperate plant. It can grow in acid soils. It suits hardiness zones 5-8.
Rich woods. Dry woods.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The leaves are used for tea. They are also used as a catalyst in the making of an alcoholic drink using maize. Caution: Alcohol is a cause of cancer.
Uses medicinal tea
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Cold Remedy (leaf), Febrifuge (leaf), Analgesic (root), Antirheumatic (Internal) (root), Emetic (root), Pediatric Aid (root), Urinary Aid (root), Cancer Treatment (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Tuberculosis Remedy (unspecified), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Misc. Disease Remedy (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Skin (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Chimaphila maculata habit picture by Sonlight (cc-by-sa)
Chimaphila maculata habit picture by Serena boettcher (cc-by-sa)
Chimaphila maculata habit picture by Murphy Patrick (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Chimaphila maculata leaf picture by mlcarterga (cc-by-sa)
Chimaphila maculata leaf picture by Jamie (cc-by-sa)
Chimaphila maculata leaf picture by taylor crampton (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Chimaphila maculata flower picture by Meredith Norwood (cc-by-sa)
Chimaphila maculata flower picture by Chris S (cc-by-sa)
Chimaphila maculata flower picture by Paul Hunter (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Chimaphila maculata fruit picture by Hannah Renner (cc-by-sa)
Chimaphila maculata fruit picture by jimseng jimseng (cc-by-sa)
Chimaphila maculata fruit picture by Bianca Legault (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Chimaphila maculata world distribution map, present in Canada, Costa Rica, France, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327557-1
WFO ID wfo-0000602194
COL ID 5Y495
BDTFX ID 16958
INPN ID 90875
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Chimaphila dasystemma Chimaphila guatemalensis Pyrola maculata Chimaphila acuminata Chimaphila costaricens Pseva maculata Chimaphila maculata var. acuminata Chimaphila maculata var. dasystemma Chimaphila maculata subsp. kochii Chimaphila kochii Chimaphila maculata subsp. maculata Chimaphila maculata