Chloris truncata R.Br.

Australian fingergrass (en), Chloris d'Australie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Chloris

Characteristics

Light green, wiry, stoloniferous perennials to 50 cm; widely spreading racemes of inflorescence conspicuous at maturity. Leaf-sheath keeled, chartaceous, light green to light brown. Ligule 0.2-0.4 mm, minutely ciliate. Collar glabrous, sometimes with minute (0.1-0.5 mm) hairs, rarely with a few long (1-5 mm) hairs. Leaf-blade 6.5-12 cm × 2-2.5 mm, folded, linear, ± scabrid near base, adaxially rarely with sparse long (0.8-5 mm) hairs; margins finely scabrid, tip curved. Culm 20-40 cm, unbranched. Racemes 4-11, spike-like, digitate, 10-17 cm × 2.5-3.5 mm, bunched together and ± erect at first, later spreading, lowest racemes almost horizontal; rachis slender, pubescent near base, minutely scabrid above, bearing close-set, shortly pedicelled, light greenish spikelets maturing dark brown, almost black. Glumes unequal, hyaline, 1-nerved, narrow-lanceolate, acute, smooth, midnerve sparsely scabrid; lower 1.2-1.9 mm, upper 3-3.8 mm, deeper purple, margins scabrid near apex. Spikelets 2-3-flowered. Basal ☿ floret: lemma 2.7-3.6 mm, 3-nerved, sparsely, minutely scabrid, lateral nerves with short stiff hairs, callus hairs long, stiff, apex notched, bilobed, awn from notch 6.5-14 mm, slender, straight, scabrid, purple; palea 2.2-2.8 mm, narrow, entire, keels ciliate; anthers 0.5-0.8 mm, purple; gynoecium with ovary 0.4-0.5 mm, stigma-styles 1.2-1.5 mm; caryopsis 1.5-1.9 × 0.3-0.5 mm. Median floret: lemma 1.5-2.5 mm, 3-(5)-nerved, glabrous, truncate, awn c. 12 mm; palea shorter and much narrower; anthers when present, 0.5 mm, polliniferous. Apical Ø floret when present: lemma c. 1 mm, 3-nerved, truncate, always barren, awn 2.5-3.5 mm; rachilla glabrous, 0.5-0.8 mm.
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Perennials, erect, with or without stolons. Flowering culms (10–) 16–45 (–50) cm high. Leaves: ligule 0.4–0.6 mm long; blade 3–14 cm long, 1.5–2.5 (–5) mm wide. Inflorescence branches 5–12, spreading or divaricate, (5–) 9–13 (–22) cm long. Spikelets subsessile or pedicellate, 2 (–3)-flowered, with 1 floret bisexual. Glumes smooth or scaberulous, with midnerve scabrous; upper glume 2.8–4.2 mm long. Callus pubescent to bearded. Basal lemma (1.8–) 2.4–4 (–4.5) mm long, minutely lobed, cartilaginous, not sulcate, smooth or scabrous, with pubescent hairs arising in the upper half of the submargins (hairs appressed or erect, less than 0.5 mm long); awn 1, 7–15 mm long. Caryopsis elliptic, 1.5–2.1 mm long, golden. Incomplete florets 1 or rarely 2, appressed to bisexual floret; lemma truncate, notched or obscurely 2-lobed, inflated, awned.
Tufted perennial 250-450 mm high; sometimes stoloniferous. Leaf blade 30-200 x 2-3 mm, apex broadly rounded and blunt; glabrous. Inflorescence digitate, racemes 6-15, 80-150 mm long, purplish-green turning black, flexuous, spreading horizontally; spikelets delicate, overlapping about half their length. Spikelet 2-3 mm long, 2-flowered; lower glume 1.5-1.8 mm long; upper glume 2.8ª4.0 mm long; lowest lemma 2.5-4.0 mm long, black when mature, sparsely to densely hairy only on the upper half of the margins to just below the apex, awn 6-15 mm long; second lemma 1.5 mm long, clavate, glabrous, awn 3.5-10.0 mm long; anther 0.3-0.5 mm long.
A grass that keeps growing from year to year. It has runners. It grows 45 cm tall. The leaves are 3-20 cm long by 2-3 mm wide. They are rounded at the top. The spikelets occur in a 1-sided arrangement. These are 8-15 cm long with 6-15 flowers.
Stoloniferous perennial to 45 cm. Leaves narrowly oblong, obtuse. Spikelets in 1-sided spike-like racemes, awns longer than lemma, 6-12 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.45
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Prefersmedium-to heavy-textured soils and often wellwatered sites such as drainagelines, in grasslands, woodlands and forblands, often as a dominant understoreyspecies; frost tender. 
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It is a warm temperate plant. It grows in winter rainfall areas.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Chloris truncata unspecified picture

Distribution

Chloris truncata world distribution map, present in Australia, Czech Republic, Spain, Fiji, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Tonga, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:396056-1
WFO ID wfo-0000859711
COL ID 5Y8DM
BDTFX ID 16996
INPN ID 90923
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Chloris truncata Chloris elongata Chloris megastachya Chloris truncata f. abbreviata