Chonemorpha fragrans Alston

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Chonemorpha

Characteristics

Large woody climbers to 20 m high. Branchlets sparsely to very densely pubescent or hispid, rarely glabrous; lenticellate. Leaves: petiole 0.7-9 cm long, densely pubescent; blade orbicular, elliptic or obovate, 4-38 by 2.8-34.5 cm, 0.9-2.5 times as long as wide, apex rounded, acuminate or apiculate, base cordate to acute, sparsely pubescent and more densely so on venation above, more rarely glabrous or densely pubescent all over above, sparsely to densely pubescent beneath, 7-11 pairs of secondary veins, ascending, anastomosing into a looped intramarginal vein, subscalariform and reticulate. Inflorescence terminal, 10-30 cm long; peduncle 1-13 cm long, densely pubescent; pedicels 4-31 mm long, densely pubescent. Calyx of 5 free lobes, or fused into a tube with 5 lobes, these lobes sometimes irregular, entire calyx 5.5-17 mm long, glabrous to densely pubescent outside, free or fused for up to 0.89 of calyx length; lobes 1-10 by 1.5-5 mm, 0.8-6.7 times as long as wide; colleters free or in a partially fused row on the inside base of the calyx, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent on inner surface. Corolla white or cream, fragrant; tube 18-65 mm long, 2.4-7.9 times as long as calyx, 0.5-2.5 times as long as lobes, glabrous or sparsely puberulent outside, densely pubescent inside; lobes 21-63 by 11-55 mm, 1.1-2.3 times as long as wide, oblique obovate with a sharp projection on one side, glabrous outside and inside. Stamens inserted at 5.2-12.5 mm from corolla base which is 0.2-0.4 of tube length; anthers 7.2-13.2 by 1.2-2.2 mm, 4.3-8.8 times as long as wide. Disk of a 5-crenate or 5-dentate ring, 0.6-1.5 mm high, shorter than the ovaries. Ovaries 1.5-3.4 mm high, glabrous; style 4.5-12 mm long, glabrous to pubescent in upper parts; style head 2-5 mm long. Fruit 17.6-40 by 1-2.3 cm, fusiform, flattened, glabrous to puberulent. Seeds 13-35 by 4-7 mm with a beak 4-19 mm long; coma 26-70 mm long.
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Scandent liane to many metres long. Leaves with petiole 25–35 mm long; lamina elliptic, to 17 cm long, to 12 cm wide, cordate at base, acute to acuminate, discolorous; upper surface glossy-green, scabrid, with venation ±visible; lower surface pale green, velutinous, with prominent venation. Flowers 60–70 mm long, 80–90 mm diam.; pedicels 15–20 mm long. Corolla white; tube 30–35 mm long, 5–7 mm diam., increasing to up to 10 mm diam. at apex and base; lobes broadly obovate, 40–45 mm long, 30–38 mm wide. Fruit 30–45 cm long. Seeds oblong, 18–20 mm long.
Lianas to 30 m, hirsute except for flowers. Petiole to 2 cm; leaf blade suborbicular to broadly ovate, 15-45 X 13-45 cm, papery, base cordate, apex acute or rounded, cuspidate; lateral veins 10-12 pairs. Calyx tubular, ca. 1 cm, apex toothed, glabrescent outside. Corolla white, limb to 8 cm wide; tube 3.5-4.5 cm, dilated at base, glabrous outside, throat villous; lobes obliquely obovate, ca. 3.5 cm. Filaments short pubescent. Follicles cylindric to fusiform, to 30 X 2 cm. Seeds oblong, coma ca. 5 cm. Fl. May-Jul. 2n = 20.
A climber. It can be 30 m long. The leaves are broadly oval and 15-45 cm long by 13-45 cm wide. The base is heart shaped. The flowers are tube shaped. The fruit are long follicles 30 cm long by 2 cm wide. The seeds are oblong.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in dense mountain forests often clinging to trees. It occurs in the Western Ghats in India.
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Dense montane forests, often clinging to trees.
Occurs in lowland rainforest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaves are eaten as a vegetable.
Uses environmental use fiber material medicinal poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Parasympatholytics (bark), Contraceptive agents (leaf), Parasympatholytics (leaf), Antiprotozoal agents (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Chest pain (root), Laxatives (root), Pregnancy complications (root), Stomach diseases (root), Vomiting (root), Antirheumatic agents (stem), Cathartics (stem), Chest pain (stem), Laxatives (stem), Stomach diseases (stem), Vomiting (stem), Analgesics (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Gastrointestinal diseases (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Helminthiasis (unspecified), Hypohidrosis (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Urethral discharge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Chonemorpha fragrans unspecified picture

Distribution

Chonemorpha fragrans world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:78008-1
WFO ID wfo-0000851705
COL ID 5YBL2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448208
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Beluttakaka macrophylla Beluttakaka grandieriana Beluttakaka griffithii Cercocoma macrantha Chonemorpha elliptica Chonemorpha fragrans Chonemorpha grandieriana Chonemorpha macrophylla Chonemorpha penangensis Chonemorpha yersinii Echites grandiflorus Echites grandis Echites latifolius Echites macranthus Echites macrophyllus Chonemorpha grandiflora Chonemorpha macrantha Chonemorpha blancoi Chonemorpha griffithii Chonemorpha rheedei Chonemorpha valvata Rhynchodia macrantha Echites fragrans Chonemorpha macrophylla var. grandis Tabernaemontana elliptica Epichysianthus macrophyllus