Cinchona calisaya Wedd.

Quinine (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Cinchona

Characteristics

Trees or shrubs, to 15(-25) m tall; bark grayish brown, thin, with many shallow fissures; branches flattened to subquadrangular, puberulent to hirtellous or glabrescent. Petiole 3-20(-30) mm, glabrous or hirtellous or puberulent; leaf blade drying papery or thinly leathery, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-oblong, or lanceolate, 7-16(-21.5) × 2.5-6(-11) cm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulent to hirtellous abaxially, base acute to cuneate, apex obtuse to rounded or rarely acute; secondary veins 7-11 pairs, usually with crypt domatia, these best developed in proximal part of blade; stipules 10-20 mm, glabrous to puberulent or hirtellous, obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences 5-23 × 5-18 cm, densely hirtellous to puberulent; bracts triangular, 0.5-3 mm; pedicels 1-8 mm. Calyx densely sericeous; ovary portion ellipsoid, 1.5-2 mm; limb 1-2 mm, sparsely puberulent, partially lobed; lobes ovate-triangular, 0.5-1 mm. Corolla white, pale yellow, or pale pink, glabrous to puberulent outside; tube cylindrical, 5-9 mm, glabrous inside; lobes lanceolate, 3-4(-6) mm, acute. Capsules 8-30 × 3-8 mm, stiffly papery to woody, puberulent or pilosulous to glabrescent; seeds 3-10 × 1.6-3.7 mm (including wing). Fl. Jun-Feb.
More
A shrub or small tree. It can be 8 m tall. The flowers are white to pink. They are in groups. They have a scent.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in the cool, humid rainforests in the Andes. It is best in well drained soils. It can grow in light shade. It can tolerate temperatures down to 7°C. It grows between 400-3,000 m above sea level. It won't grow in soils exposed to fire. It suits hardiness zone 10-12.
More
Cool, humid, mountain regions. Andean rainforests.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The bark is used as a bitter flavouring in drinks. It should only be used in small amounts.
Uses afforestation dye food material medicinal poison
Edible barks
Therapeutic use Anesthetics, local (bark), Anti-arrhythmia agents (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Arrhythmias, cardiac (bark), Asthenia (bark), Astringents (bark), Contraceptives, oral (bark), Convalescence (bark), Coronary artery disease (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), Fever (bark), Gastrointestinal agents (bark), Influenza, human (bark), Malaria (bark), Mental disorders (bark), Neuralgia (bark), Adynamia (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Tooth diseases (bark), Typhoid fever (bark), Analgesics (leaf), Antiviral agents (leaf), Antipyretics (stem), Asthenia (stem), Astringents (stem), Influenza, human (stem), Malaria (stem), Neuralgia (stem), General tonic for rejuvenation (stem), Tooth diseases (stem), Reproductive Aid (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Anesthetic (unspecified), Antiperiodic (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Varicosity (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anesthetics, local (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Blindness (unspecified), Deafness (unspecified), Dizziness (unspecified), Dysentery, amebic (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Low back pain (unspecified), Migraine disorders (unspecified), Muscle cramp (unspecified), Nausea (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Rhinitis, allergic, seasonal (unspecified), Sciatica (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Uterine contraction (unspecified), Whooping cough (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 17 - 24
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cinchona calisaya unspecified picture

Distribution

Cinchona calisaya world distribution map, present in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), China, Guatemala, Peru, and United States of America

Conservation status

Cinchona calisaya threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:746718-1
WFO ID wfo-0000860414
COL ID VDDL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447475
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Quinquina ledgeriana Quinquina calisaya Quinquina carabayensis Cinchona amygdalifolia Cinchona calisaya Cinchona ledgeriana Cinchona thwaitesii Cinchona carabayensis Cinchona forbesiana Cinchona gironensis Cinchona weddelliana Cinchona australis Cinchona delondriana Cinchona euneura Cinchona gammiana Cinchona hasskarliana Cinchona pahudiana Cinchona peruviana Quinquina carabayensis var. villosa Cinchona calisaya var. boliviana Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana Cinchona carabayensis var. lanceolata Cinchona peruviana var. vera Cinchona scrobiculata var. delondriana Cinchona weddelliana var. angustifolia Cinchona weddelliana var. multiscrobiculata Cinchona weddelliana var. rubrifolia Cinchona weddelliana var. rubrivenata Cinchona calisaya var. oblongifolia Cinchona calisaya var. microcarpa