Cinchona L.

Cinchona (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae

Characteristics

Shrubs or usually trees, unarmed; buds flattened with stipules erect and pressed together; bark usually notably bitter. Raphides absent. Leaves opposite, decussate, usually with well-developed domatia; stipules caducous, interpetiolar or shortly united around stem, ligulate to obovate, entire. Inflorescences terminal and often also in axils of uppermost leaves, cymose to paniculiform, many flowered, pedunculate, bracteate. Flowers pedicellate, bisexual, fragrant, usually distylous. Calyx limb 5-lobed. Corolla yellow, pink, purple, red, or occasionally white, salverform or funnelform, inside glabrous or pubescent in throat, with tube often weakly 5-ridged outside; lobes 5, valvate in bud, with margins densely ciliate to villous. Stamens 5, inserted in corolla tube, included to partially exserted; filaments short to developed, glabrous; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 2-celled, ovules many in each cell on axile placentas; stigma 2-lobed, lobes capitate to linear. Fruit capsular, ovoid to cylindrical or ellipsoid, septicidally dehiscent into 2 valves from base or sometimes from apex with valves then loculicidal through septum, stiffly papery to woody, often lenticellate, with calyx limb persistent; seeds numerous, medium-sized, ellipsoid to fusiform and somewhat flattened with membranous marginal wing and elliptic central seed portion; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons ovate.
More
Trees or shrubs. Leaves petiolate; stipules interpetiolar, free, mostly decid-uous, glandular at the base. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate, the branches mostly opposite. Flowers 5-merous, the hypanthium pubescent, the calycine cup turbinate, the lobes 5, mostly reduced; corolla variable in color, hippocrateriform, pubescent outside, glabrous within, the lobes valvate; stamens partly exserted or included, the anthers slender, dorsifixed; ovary 2-celled, the ovules numerous, imbricate, attached peltately to a spongy placenta, the style slender, the stigmas 2, obtuse; ovarian disc pulviniform. Fruits capsular, mostly ovoid oblong, sep-ticidally dehiscent, opening from the base; seeds numerous, winged.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

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Uses medicinal
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