Claoxylon indicum Hassk.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Claoxylon

Characteristics

Shrubs or small trees, 3-12 m tall, dioecious. Branchlets gray tomentulose. Petiole 5-15 cm, with 2 glands; leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, 10-22 × 6-13 cm, papery, both surfaces pilose, base cuneate to obtuse or slightly oblique, margin crenulate or dentate, apex acute or obtuse. Male inflorescences 10-30 cm, tomentulose; bracts triangular, ca. 2 mm. Male flowers 3-7 per bract; pedicel ca. 4 mm; sepals 3 or 4, ca. 3 mm, pilose; stamens 15-25; interstaminal glands ca. 0.5 mm. Female inflorescences 5-20 cm. Female flowers often 1 per bract; sepals 3, subtriangular, tomentulose; disk 3-lobed or sinuous; ovary globose, tomentose; styles 3, ca. 2 mm, plumose. Capsule 3-lobed, 7-8 mm in diam., tomentulose, sutures raised. Seeds subglobose; testa red. Fl. and fr. Mar-Dec.
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Pyramidal shrub or small tree c. 2–10 m high, dioecious; branchlets thick, hairy, whitish, with large leaf scars. Leaves: lamina ovate to lanceolate to elliptic, c. 8–30 cm long, cordate to cuneate at base, serrate to sinuate margin, acuminate at apex, softly hairy beneath; petiole 2–7 cm long, tomentose, with 2 apical glands. Male inflorescence c. 3–15 cm long, slender; flowers many; sepals ovate, c. 2 mm long, tomentose; stamens 15–25, exceeding the many hairy glands. Female inflorescence c. 1.5–8 cm long; flowers small, few to many; sepals 3 or 4, triangular, c. 2 mm long, pubescent; ovary densely pubescent. Fruit 7–10 mm diam., 3-or 4-lobed, with raised sutures, tomentose, hairy inside. Seeds subspherical, wrinkled, black.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 20 m tall. It often has a purple covering. The trunk is 20-35 cm across. The leaves are alternate. The leaf stalk is 16 cm long. The leaf blade is oval and 9-27 cm long by 5-20 cm wide. It has a covering of small dots that let the light through. The edges of the leaves have coarse teeth. The male flowering stalk is in the axils of leaves. It can be 40 cm long. The flower groups have 6-13 together. There are 15-25 stamens. The female flowering stalk is in the axils and is shorter and more dense than the male one. It is up to 12 cm long. The fruit are 3-4 angled. The capsule has 6-8 furrows along it. It is 5-6 mm long and 7-8 mm wide. The seeds are oval or kidney shaped.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.35
Mature height (meter) 7.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in humid locations on humus rich soils. It can also be on sandy soils. It grows up to 850 m altitude. It grows in secondary forest. It grows at about 700 m altitude. It requires light and humidity. In Yunnan.
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Plains, mountain valleys, forests, scrub; at elevations below 100-500 metres. Evergreen mixed forest, often in humid locations on humus-rich soils but also on sandy coasts, at elevations up to 850 metres.
Common on roadsides, railways and clearings in the primary and marginal forests. Also found in secondary vegetation where it has a more shrubby habit, with longer, pendulous branches and larger leaves.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaves are used for a spicy sauce. They are also steamed as a vegetable.
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The leaves may be used medicinally as a purgative.
Uses animal food food material medicinal wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Acne vulgaris (leaf), Cathartics (leaf), Constipation (leaf), Eye diseases (leaf), Headache (leaf), Periodontitis (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Poultice (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Trees are easily grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Claoxylon indicum unspecified picture

Distribution

Claoxylon indicum world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, China, India, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Claoxylon indicum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:341106-1
WFO ID wfo-0000870131
COL ID 5Z882
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Claoxylon macrophyllum Claoxylon molle Croton halecum Croton tabacifolius Erythrochilus indicus Erythrochilus minor Erythrochilus mollis Erythrochilus multiflorus Claoxylon caerulescens Claoxylon polot Claoxylon indicum Claoxylon indicum f. gracilius Claoxylon macrophyllum Claoxylon minus Claoxylon parviflorum Croton pigmentarius Claoxylon indicum var. macrophyllum Claoxylon indicum var. spathulatum