Liane or scrambling shrub with stems often straggling along the forest floor, 0.45–2 m. long, sometimes forming tangled masses; stems grey or grey-brown, corky and lenticellate, armed with retrorse spinescent old petiole-bases to 1.5 cm., pubescent and with longer hairs, later glabrous.. Leaves variable, broadly elliptic, oblong, rhomboid, narrowly obovate to obovate, 5.5–29 cm. long, 5–18 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, rounded to cuneate at the base, entire to coarsely toothed, glabrous or finely pubescent or puberulent on raised reticulate venation beneath; petiole thick, wrinkled, 0.5–5 cm. long, glabrous, pubescent or hairy.. Inflorescences capitate, 5 cm. long, 7–10 cm. wide, usually borne on thick leafless stems but occasionally terminal as well, pubescent; peduncle 1–16 cm. long; bracts and bracteoles linear, 1–3 mm. long; pedicels 2 mm. long.. Calyx-tube 3–6 mm. long, widened at throat, puberulous; lobes triangular, 1 mm. long with recurved tips.. Corolla white, sweet-scented; tube 2.5–3.6 cm. long, widened at throat; lobes oblong-elliptic, 5–7 × 4–5 mm.. Stamens and style exserted 1–2 cm.. Fruiting calyx fleshy, white; fruits dark green turning black, ellipsoid, 1 cm. long, 7 mm. wide.. Fig. 14/15–17, p. 104.
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Inflorescences capitate, mostly produced from the rhizome
Small shrub, 2-7 ft. high