Clerodendrum ternatum Schinz

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Clerodendrum

Characteristics

Rhizomatous suffrutex from an extensive woody rootstock, forming small colonies of scattered groups of 1-many stems. Stems woody-based, virgate, 10-47(60) cm high, simple or sometimes few-branched, pubescent with short ± appressed or spreading hairs; axillary leafy fascicles sometimes present. Leaves 3-whorled or opposite, sessile or very shortly petiolate, with an unpleasant smell when crushed; lamina 1.2-10 x 0.4-2.2 cm, narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate to oblanceolate, acute at the apex, and gradually narrowed to the base, serrate with 2-5 spaced sharp teeth in the upper half on each side or entire, ± pubescent, gland-dotted on the lower-face. Cymes mostly 3-flowered, axillary in the upper 4-6 axils, with one peduncle per axil, forming leafy, terminal racemes up to 13(20) cm long; peduncles of the lower cymes up to 2.2 cm long; pedicels 0-1.5 mm long. Buds with a very excentric globose head (corolla limb). Calyx 3-5 mm long, cupular; lobes 0.5-0.8 mm long, triangular. Corolla with a pungent odour usually described as unpleasant-smelling, usually white, sometimes creamy or greenish-white; tube 1.5-4.5 cm long, abruptly funnel-shaped at the top, pilose and glandular outside, the glands stalked or nearly sessile. Filaments dark red, violet, purple or mauve; anthers 3 mm long, brown or violet; anthers and style exserted 3-3.5 cm. Fruit black, c. 7 x 8 mm, depressed subglobose, deeply 4-lobed.
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Subshrub 15–35(–90 fide Vollesen) cm. tall, usually clump-or carpet-forming with several woody based stems from an extensive creeping woody rootstock up to 25 cm. long or probably more; stems ± pale, pubescent with short curled hairs.. Leaves in whorls of 3, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 0.5–7 cm. long, 0.15–1.5 cm. wide, acute at the apex, gradually narrowed to the base, with spaced sharp teeth or almost lobulate or subentire, sometimes born on axillary brachyblasts, slightly pubescent with ± tubercle-based hairs and gland-dotted to densely grey-pubescent.. Inflorescence made up of axillary cymes from the upper 4–5 axils; peduncle 1.2–2 cm. long; pedicels 0–1.5 mm. long.. Buds with a very excentric globose limb.. Calyx cupular, 3 mm. long, including the short broadly triangular teeth 0.5–0.8 mm. long, pubescent.. Corolla with a pungent odour usually described as bad-smelling, white or greenish white with white limb; tube 1.3–4.2 cm. long, abruptly funnel-shaped at the apex, glandular and pubescent outside, the glands stalked or subsessile.. Filaments purple or reddish purple, white at the base.. Style reddish purple, both exserted 3–3.5 cm.; stigma bifid; anthers brown.. Fruit depressed subglobose, 4 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, deeply 4-lobed.. Fig. 18/9–12, p. 123.
A shrub with underground stems or rhizomes and a woody rootstock. It forms colonies with many stems. The stems are woody at the base. They grow 60 cm high. The leaves are in 3 rings or opposite and without leaf stalks. The leaves have an unpleasant smell when crushed. The leaf blade is 2-10 cm long by 1-2 cm wide. It is narrowly sword shaped. The flowers are in groups of 3. They are in the axils of the upper leaves. The fruit are black and about 8 mm across. They have 4 deep lobes.
Leaves 3-whorled or opposite, sessile or very shortly petiolate, with an unpleasant smell when crushed; lamina 1.2–10 × 0.4–2.2 cm, narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate to oblanceolate, acute at the apex, and gradually narrowed to the base, serrate with 2–5 spaced sharp teeth in the upper half on each side or entire, ± pubescent, gland-dotted on the lower-face.
Undershrub, 0.15-2.00 m high. Stems unarmed. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, ter-nate, serrate in upper part. Cymes lax, axillary, with leaves, flowers actinomorphic. Calyx 3 mm long. Corolla tube 15-30 mm long, segments of lower lip of corolla longer than upper. Flowers white or cream to purple with red or purple stamens.
Corolla with a pungent odour usually described as unpleasant-smelling, usually white, sometimes creamy or greenish-white; tube 1.5–4.5 cm long, abruptly funnel-shaped at the top, pilose and glandular outside, the glands stalked or nearly sessile.
Cymes mostly 3-flowered, axillary in the upper 4–6 axils, with one peduncle per axil, forming leafy, terminal racemes up to 13(20) cm long; peduncles of the lower cymes up to 2.2 cm long; pedicels 0–1.5 mm long.
Stems woody-based, virgate, 10–47(60) cm high, simple or sometimes few-branched, pubescent with short ± appressed or spreading hairs; axillary leafy fascicles sometimes present.
Filaments dark red, violet, purple or mauve; anthers 3 mm long, brown or violet; anthers and style exserted 3–3.5 cm.
Rhizomatous suffrutex from an extensive woody rootstock, forming small colonies of scattered groups of 1–many stems.
Fruit black, c. 7 × 8 mm, depressed subglobose, deeply 4-lobed.
Calyx 3–5 mm long, cupular; lobes 0.5–0.8 mm long, triangular.
Buds with a very excentric globose head (corolla limb).
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.33 - 0.8
Root system creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical and subtropical plant. In Zimbabwe it grows between 550-1,480 m above sea level. It grows in dry deciduous woodland and on Kalahari sand.
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Not known
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses material medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Clerodendrum ternatum world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:862431-1
WFO ID wfo-0000887000
COL ID W475
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Clerodendrum ternatum Clerodendrum wilmsii Clerodendrum ternatum f. villosum Clerodendrum lanceolatum Clerodendrum simile Clerodendrum transvaalense Clerodendrum ternatum var. lanceolatum Clerodendrum ternatum f. glabricalyx Clerodendrum ternatum var. ternatum